1992. 11.26
SUBJECT: X.25 TEST시 문제점
STATUS OF MEMO:
Sun-Sun간에 Null Modem cable을 통해 X.25 test시 발생한 문제점과 과정을 간략하게 정리해 보았음.
DESCRIPTION:
1. 문제점 및 해결방법
/usr/sunlink/x25/x29 -r을 수행한후 pad로 상대방 시스템으로 입력시 하기와 같은 에러가 발생하였기에
수정방법을 아래와 같이 적어 보았음.
(문제점)
[love /]pad 1234567890
SunLink X.25 PAD V6.0. Type ^P for Executive, ^Pb for break
Calling... connected...
This is a good guy
login: root
Password:
Last login: Fri Nov 27 10:12:38 from sparc
SunOS Release 4.1.1-KLE1.1 (GENERIC_KOR_X25) #1: Tue Nov 24 15:18:47 KST 1992
Connection closed.
[love /]
- 위에서 본것과 같이 상대방 시스템으로 들어감과 동시에 connetion closed
(해결방법)
# cd /usr/sunlink/x25
# mv x29 .x29
# cat > x29
#! /bin/csh
/usr/etc/setsid -b /usr/sunlink/x25/.x29 "$@"
^D
# chmod a+x x29
# /usr/sunlink/x25/x29 -r
2. TEST과정
--------------- ---------------
| | | |
| HWS-S110K | -------- DIRECT SERIAL (NULL MODEM 방식) --------- | HWS-S110K |
| | | |
--------------- ---------------
HOST NAME(X.25) : love-x25 HOST NAME(X.25): beatles-x25
IP ADDR(X.25) : 192.9.2.2 IP ADDR(X.25) : 192.9.2.1
PAD ADDR : 1234-5678-90 PAD ADDR : 1234-5678-80
HOST NAME : love HOST NAME : beatles
IP ADDR : 192.9.10.130 IP ADDR : 192.9.250.136
1) beatles-x25 하에서
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x25start 0 zss0 9600
speed=9600, loopback=no, nrzi=no, txc=baud, rxc=rxc
(txc,rxc 의 조정은 x25start에서 상황에 맞게 조정한다.
both sun null modem방식은 txc일경우 자기 clock을 주고 rxc는 외부 clock을 받는다.
그 이외에는 외부 clock (modem clock)을 사용한다.) /etc/sunlink/x25/rc file change
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x25config -a /etc/sunlink/x25/x25params0
< x25params0화일 >
# DON'T CHANGE THE ORDER OF THE PARAMETERS
# THERE MUST BE A VALUE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH PARAMETER
# THERE MUST BE AT LEAST ONE SPACE BETWEEN THE PARAMETER'S VALUE AND THE '#'
#
# To change a specific parameter, first look for the the parameter
# name in the comments (starting with '#'), then modify the value at the
# beginning of the line.
#
0 #int linkid; A non-negative integer less than the
# total number of links. There should
# always be alink 0, as this is used as
# the default link.
1 #int on; 0 or 1. 0 will cause the link to be
# deactivated, and 1 will cause it to
# be activated.
#
#HDLC Level: HDLC_PARAM
4500 #ushort hp_t1; T1 - retransmission timer (msec)
2000 #ushort hp_t2; T2 - max delay before ACK (msec)
18000 #ushort hp_t3; T3 - max idle link time (msec)
500 #ushort hp_tick; resolution of timer (tick)
134 #ushort hp_n1; N1 - max frame size - bytes
10 #u_char hp_n2; N2 - max retries of T1
0 #u_char hp_xcntl;extended control - mod 128
7 #u_char hp_k; K - window size
3 #u_char hp_addr; address - 3 for DTE, 1 for DCE
# when connecting two SunLink X.25 stations together
# without a PDN, you must specify one station to be
# DTE (i.e. 3) and the other one to be DCE (i.e. 1)
#
#Packet Level: L3_PARAM
1234-5678-80 #host_address; includes DNIC (Data Network Identification
# Code), NTN (Network Terminal Number), and
# subaddress (if it is part of host address).
# This host address is up to 14 digits long.
8 #u_char packet_sequence;
# modulo sequence of level 3. suggested= 8
# 8, 128 ( in decimal )
2 #u_char default_wndsize;
# default window size for all virtual circuits
# suggested= 2
# 1 ~ 7 if packet_sequence= 8
# 1 ~ 127 if packet_sequence= 128
# ( in decimal )
10 #u_char default_thruput;
# default throughput for all virtual circuits
# suggested= 10 ( 9600 bps )
# 3= 75 8= 2400
# 4= 150 9= 4800
# 5= 300 10= 9600
# 6= 600 11= 19200
# 7= 1200 12= 48000
# ( bps in decimal )
128 #ushort default_pktsize;
# default packet size
# suggested value= 128
# 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024
#
512 #ushort lic; lowest one-way incoming lcn. suggested= 512
512 #ushort hic; highest one-way incoming lcn. suggested= 512
512 #ushort ltc; lowest two-way lcn. suggested= 512
575 #ushort htc; highest two-way lcn. suggested= 575
575 #ushort loc; lowest one-way outgoing lcn. suggested= 575
575 #ushort hoc; highest one-way outgoing lcn. suggested= 575
# 4095 >= hoc >= loc >= htc >= ltc >= hic >= lic >= 1
# ( in decimal )
#
180 #u_char t0; timeout limit after sending RESET REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 180 ( seconds )
#
200 #u_char t1; timeout limit after sending CALL REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 200 ( seconds )
#
180 #u_char t2; timeout limit after sending RESTART REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 180 ( seconds )
#
180 #u_char t0; timeout limit after sending RESET REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 180 ( seconds )
#
200 #u_char t1; timeout limit after sending CALL REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 200 ( seconds )
#
180 #u_char t2; timeout limit after sending RESTART REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 180 ( seconds )
#
180 #u_char t3; timeout limit after sending CLEAR REQUEST
# packet. suggested= 180 ( seconds )
#
# 1 ~ 255 ( seconds in decimal ) for above four fields
#
3 #u_char t0_retries;
1 #u_char t1_retries;
# must be 1 to conform to CCITT X.25
3 #u_char t2_retries;
3 #u_char t3_retries;
# number of retries before reporting error status
# to X.25 MGMT socket.
# 1 ~ 255 ( attemps in decimal ) for above four fields
2048 #u_short sendspace;
2048 #u_short recvspace;
0 #u_char D_bit;
# This applies only to calls that are
# originated. For incoming calls, D bit
# is always accepted.
0 #u_char non_standard_diag_code;
# This permits the setting of non-standard
# diagnostic code in clear indication and clear
# confirmation packets.
# 0= standard diagnostic code
# 1= non-standard diagnostic codes
# suggested value= 0
0 #int dst_opt;
#
0 #int src_opt;
#
#Physical Level:
9600 # baud rate( bps ) of physical line( from either modem or
# internal clocks ).
* 주의사항 *
# HDLC Level에서
PDN없이 both sun을 연결할경우에는 DTE와 DCE를 각각 구분해야 한다.
# PACKET Level에서
일반적으로 channel전송방식을 보면 source의 highest channel이 destination lowest channel과
연결이 된다. 위에서 보면 결국 channel을 하나만 쓰게 된다.
만약, incoming ,outcoming channel을 모두 같게 주면 한쪽에서만 들어갈수 있다.
서로서로 통신할려면 incoming ,outcoming channel을 달리설정해야 한다.
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x29 -r
both sun 연결시 x29를 수행해야만 pad를 쓸수가 있다. 그러나 타기종하고 연결시에서는
수행치 않아도 된다.
sun os 4.0.3이상에서 SunLink X.25 6.0 install후 x29를 수행하기 전에 하기에 명시된 방법으로
x29를 수정해야만 정상수행을 한다.
# cd /usr/sunlink/x25
# mv x29 .x29
# cat > x29
#! /bin/csh
/usr/etc/setsid -b /usr/sunlink/x25/.x29 "$@"
^D
# chmod a+x x29
< x29profile 화일 >
# @(#)x29profile 1.2 89/02/28
#
# This is a sample X.29 PAD profile specification. Each profile is
# specified by a string. There may be no whitespace characters within
# a string that specifies a profile.
love-x25:a=1234567880::
dowjones:a=650465437860::
# The above specifies the abbreviation 'dowjones' for a service
# obtained by calling the address 650465437860. The abreviation, which
# names the service in a suitable way, should appear first. The 'a'
# parameter specifies the address, which should usually be a full
# X.121 address (ie, has DNIC, NTN, and optionally, subaddress). The
# end of the profile is indicated by '::'.
news:a=639761209830:u=asdfgh:l1::
# 'u=asdfgh' indicates that a the data string 'asdfgh' will be sent as user
# data following the X.29 protocol id of 01 00 00 00.
# 'l1' indicates that the call is to be always made over link 1.
sunmicro:a=4042383100:p2#0:b=02:z=12:p1#1:f#1::
# 'p2#0' sets parameter 2 to 0
# 'b=02' sets the break character to ascii 02 (ctrl-B)
# 'z=12' sets the source subaddress in call request to 12
# 'p1#1' sets parameter 1 (pad recall) to 1
# 'f#1' fixes the value of parameter 1, so host cannot change it - thus
# pad recall cannot be turned off in this case
somehost:a=86456742658:r=1:c=12:s=128:w=5:t=1::
# 'r=1' specifies that reverse charging should be used
# 'c=12' specifies that a closed user group request is being made and that
# the closed user group index is 12
# 's=128' sets packet size to 128
# 'w=5' sets window size to 5
# 't=1' sets transparent mode on (to pass 8-bit data)
위 화일은 pad가 참조하는 것으로서 pad address대신에 이름을 사용할수 (일부기능) 있게끔 해준다.
< x29-auth 화일 >
# @(#)x29-auth 1.1 89/02/03
#
# This is a sample X.29 configuration file. This illustrates how you
# can use the various configuration parameters to advantage in providing
# X.29 services to different users. First, a brief explanation of the
# parameters is given, which is then followed by examples of usage.
#
# Parameters are specified using the "keyword=value" paradigm. Keywords
# in uppercase are global, and those in lowercase apply to specifc sets
# of users. Global parameters should be specified at the beginning. For
# particular users, these may be overridden by lowercase entries placed in
# the lines that apply to them. If a line has more than one parameter,
# they should be separated by a colon (':'). Empty fields are ignored.
# NOTE: There should not be any space or tab characters except in the
# banner specification (see BN, bn below).
#
# The keywords and their meanings are:
#
# BN, bn - used to specify an identifying banner that is printed out when
# users dial in. By default, there is no banner.
#
# EX, ex - used to specify the program executed for a user. By default, the
# program is /bin/login.
#
# MODE, mode - The only value accepted for this parameter currently is 80.
# If specified, X.29 will not set pad parameters 1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18.
# By default, it will set those parameters.
#
# N, n - Values are 'on' and 'off'. If value is 'on', native mode is used.
# In native mode, the host echoes the characters typed in at the terminal.
# In non-native mode, the PAD does the local echoing. The default mode is
# non-native (PAD does the echoing).
#
# PC, pc - used to specify parameter values to be used in non-native (ie,
# 'cooked') mode. For example, PC3=126 will set the forwarding character
# set to that corresponding to 126 in non-native mode - if you run an
# application that puts the terminal in native mode (say vi), parameter 3
# will be set to value specified for native mode, or the default value for
# native mode if not specified for native mode. Note that this parameter
# will not be used if the terminal always operates in native mode.
#
# PN, pn - used to specify parameter values to be used in native mode (ie,
# 'raw' mode). For example, PN4=4 will set the idle timer delay to 0.2
# second when host does echoing. Specifying this will not affect the
# value of the parameter in non-native mode, which can be controlled
# independently using the PC parameter.
#
# NOTE: certain parameters are always obtained from the tty driver
# configuration, and may not be set using PC (pc) or PN (pn). These are
# 2 in non-native mode, 9, 10, 12, and 14-18 in non-native mode. The
# parameters 5, 6, and 11 are never set.
#
# sa - used to specify the template for source address for a set of users.
# Wildcard characters '?' (match any 1 charecter) and '*' (match a sub-string)
# may be used in the template.
#
# da - used to specify the template for destination address in the incoming
# call. For example, X.29 may start up different applications based on the
# subaddress component of the destination address in the incoming call.
# Wildcard characters '?' (match any 1 charecter) and '*' (match a sub-string)
# may be used in the template.
sa=1234567890:bn=This is a good guy
# Set global parameters. The following global parameters specify a
# banner and executable. Non-native mode is used. In 'cooked' mode,
# forwarding character set specified by 126 is used. In 'raw' mode
# a forwarding timeout of 3/20 (0.15) sec is used.
BN=This is our latest and greatest X.29 service
EX=/bin/login:N=off:PN4=3:PC3=126
# Now specify parameter values for specifc users.
# The following line is for an old pad that cannot handle parameters
# 1 and 13-18. This one is only interested in login.
# NOTE: in general, all special cases must appear before the general
# cases that match the special cases.
sa=567843256*:mode=80:bn=You weirdo!
# The following specifies that for any source address, if the destination
# address ends with 01 (the subaddress), execute /bin/database instead of
# /bin/login, and use native mode.
da=*01:ex=/bin/database:n=on
# The following specifes that for an incoming call whose source address
# has DNIC 4042 and subaddress 01, and whose destination address has at
# least three digits followed by a subaddress of 02, /bin/special is
# started up. Also, it has a special banner. Note the use of the '\'
# character for continuation. In cooked mode, pad recall is on, while in
# raw mode, pad recall is off.
sa=4042*01:da=???*02:pc1=1:pn1=0:ex=/bin/special:bn=This is a special\
application just for you!
# The following is a catch-all that handles all the users that don't
# match the above specifications. Although both sa and da are specified,
# it is necessary only to specify one of either sa or da. The default
# parameter values specified with global parameters are used.
sa=*:da=*
위 화일의 일부기능을 보면 sa=1234567890:bn=This is a good guy은 sa,즉 상대방 pad address에 대해
이 system으로 pad를 사용하여 들어올 경우 login prompt이전에 This is a good guy와 같은 banner를
보여준다.
love # pad 1234567880
SunLink X.25 PAD V6.0. Type ^P for Executive, ^Pb for break
Calling... connected...
This is a good guy
login:
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x25manager /etc/sunlink/x25/x25manager.configuration &
< x25manager.configuration >
# @(#)x25manager.configuration 6.4 89/03/21
#
# This is a sample x25manager configuration file. You may put
# comments between sections, but not within sections.
# This 'listener' section specifies the protocol id which x25manager
# is listening for.
listener listener for incoming ip connections
type ip
sendsize 128 window and packet sizes maximum
recvsize 128
sendwindow 7
recvwindow 7
userdata cc protocol id recommended by RFC 877
# The path section specifies the parameters for the svc/pvc. The first
# path section corresponds to xvc0, the second to xvc1, and so on.
path path for ip connection
type ip
svc 1234567890 full X.121 address if state is caller
state caller
sendsize 128
recvsize 128
sendwindow 7
recvwindow 7
userdata cc protocol id recommended by RFC 877
# Shell commands are used to do protocol layering and executing the
# ifconfig command.
shell /usr/sunlink/sync/iflayer ip0 xvc0
shell /etc/ifconfig xvc0 beatles-x25 love-x25
svc 1234567890은 상대방 pad address이며 이 시스템이 caller가 되면 상대방 시스템은 반드시 called
가 된다.
2). love-x25 하에서
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x25start 0 zss0 9600
speed=9600, loopback=no, nrzi=no, txc=baud, rxc=rxc
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x25config -a /etc/sunlink/x25/x25params0
< x25params0화일 >
# DON'T CHANGE THE ORDER OF THE PARAMETERS
# THERE MUST BE A VALUE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH PARAMETER
# THERE MUST BE AT LEAST ONE SPACE BETWEEN THE PARAMETER'S VALUE AND THE '#'
#
# To change a specific parameter, first look for the the parameter
# name in the comments (starting with '#'), then modify the value at the
# beginning of the line.
#
0 #int linkid; A non-negative integer less than the
# total number of links. There should
# always be alink 0, as this is used as
# the default link.
#
1 #int on; 0 or 1. 0 will cause the link to be
# deactivated, and 1 will cause it to
# be activated.
#
#HDLC Level: HDLC_PARAM
4500 #ushort hp_t1; T1 - retransmission timer (msec)
2000 #ushort hp_t2; T2 - max delay before ACK (msec)
18000 #ushort hp_t3; T3 - max idle link time (msec)
500 #ushort hp_tick; resolution of timer (tick)
134 #ushort hp_n1; N1 - max frame size - bytes
10 #u_char hp_n2; N2 - max retries of T1
0 #u_char hp_xcntl;extended control - mod 128
7 #u_char hp_k; K - window size
1 #u_char hp_addr; address - 3 for DTE, 1 for DCE
# when connecting two SunLink X.25 stations together
# without a PDN, you must specify one station to be
# DTE (i.e. 3) and the other one to be DCE (i.e. 1)
#Packet Level: L3_PARAM
1234-5678-90 #host_address; includes DNIC
8 #u_char packet_sequence;
2 #u_char default_wndsize;
10 #u_char default_thruput;
128 #ushort default_pktsize;
512 #ushort lic; lowest one-way incoming lcn. suggested= 512
512 #ushort hic; highest one-way incoming lcn. suggested= 512
512 #ushort ltc; lowest two-way lcn. suggested= 512
575 #ushort htc; highest two-way lcn. suggested= 575
575 #ushort loc; lowest one-way outgoing lcn. suggested= 575
575 #ushort hoc; highest one-way outgoing lcn. suggested= 575
180 #u_char t0; timeout limit after sending RESET REQUEST
200 #u_char t1; timeout limit after sending CALL REQUEST
180 #u_char t2; timeout limit after sending RESTART REQUEST
180 #u_char t3; timeout limit after sending CLEAR REQUEST
3 #u_char t0_retries;
1 #u_char t1_retries;
3 #u_char t2_retries;
3 #u_char t3_retries;
2048 #u_short sendspace;
2048 #u_short recvspace;
0 #u_char D_bit;
0 #u_char non_standard_diag_code;
0 #int dst_opt;
0 #int src_opt;
0 #int zero_opt;
#Physical Level:
9600 # baud rate( bps ) of physical line( from either modem or
# internal clocks ).
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x29 -r
< x29profile 화일 >
# @(#)x29profile 1.2 89/02/28
#
# This is a sample X.29 PAD profile specification. Each profile is
# specified by a string. There may be no whitespace characters within
# a string that specifies a profile.
beatles-x25:a=12345657890::
dowjones:a=650465437860::
- /usr/sunlink/x25/x25manager /etc/sunlink/x25/x25manager.configuration &
< x25manager.configuration >
# @(#)x25manager.configuration 6.4 89/03/21
#
# This is a sample x25manager configuration file. You may put
# comments between sections, but not within sections.
# This 'listener' section specifies the protocol id which x25manager
# is listening for.
listener listener for incoming ip connections
type ip
sendsize 128 window and packet sizes maximum
recvsize 128
sendwindow 7
recvwindow 7
userdata cc protocol id recommended by RFC 877
# The path section specifies the parameters for the svc/pvc. The first
# path section corresponds to xvc0, the second to xvc1, and so on.
path path for ip connection
type ip
svc 1234567880 full X.121 address if state is caller
state called
sendsize 128
recvsize 128
sendwindow 7
recvwindow 7
userdata cc protocol id recommended by RFC 877
# Shell commands are used to do protocol layering and executing the
# ifconfig command.
shell /usr/sunlink/sync/iflayer ip0 xvc0
shell /etc/ifconfig xvc0 love-x25 beatles-x25
참고로 routing table을 살펴보자.
beatles# nestat -r
Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface
localhost localhost UH 5 846 lo0
love-x25 beatles-x25 UH 0 103 xvc0
192.9.10.0 love-x25 UG 1 1014 xvc0
192.9.250.0 beatles U 13 1504 le0
love# netstat -r
Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface
beatles-x25 love-x25 UH 1 961 xvc0
localhost localhost UH 9 2826 lo0
192.9.250.0 beatles-x25 UG 0 28 xvc0
192.9.10.0 love U 17 7829 le0
Revision History
Created on Nov. 26 ,1992