1992.12.19 SUBJECT: X.25°³¿ä STATUS OF THIS MEMO : °¡Àå À߾˷ÁÁ®ÀÖ°í °¡Àå³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Ç¥ÁØ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÎ X.25ÀÇ ÀÌÇظ¦ À§ÇØ Á¤¸®ÇÑ´Ù. 1. Overview of X.25 X.25´Â CCITT¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦¾ÈµÇ¾î Á³À¸¸ç, ISOÀÇ Ã³À½ 3 layer Áï, physical, datalink, network layer¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í local area network À̳ª LAN¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â wide area networkÀ̳ª WANÀ» ÅëÇÑ Åë½ÅÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. X.25´Â 1976³â¿¡ ½ÂÀεǾúÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÌÈÄ 2¹ø±³Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù(80³â, 86³â) X.25´Â º¸Åë PSDN (Packet Switched data Network)¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ networkÀº X.25 ÆÐŶÀÇ ¿ø°Å¸® Åë½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·Ú¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. PSDNÀº º¸Åë membership°ú ¿¬°áºñ¿ë¿¡ ´õÇÏ¿© X.25ÀÇ °¢ Kbyte¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñ¿ëÀ» û±¸ÇÑ´Ù. 2. X.25 Defines DTE/DCE Connection X.25´Â DTE (Data Terminal Equipment)¿Í DCE (Data Communication Equipment )¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, PSDNÀÇ ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â Á¤ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. DCE´Â PSDN¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦°øµÇ¸ç, X.25ÀÇ 3 layer¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ÆÐŶ ½ºÀ§Ä¡Àε¥, ÀÌ ÆÐŶ ½ºÀ§Ä¡´Â programmableÇϸç routingÁ¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. DTE´Â computer systemÀÇ ÇϳªÀÇ part·Î¼, X.25ÀÇ 3 layer¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. Sun workstationÀº X.25ÀÇ 3 layer¸¦ À§ÇØ SunNet X.25 Á¦Ç°À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ù¹ø° layer(physical)´Â ¸ðµ©°ú ÇÔ²² MCP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ¸ðµ©°ú ÇÔ²² serial Åë½Å portÀÎ TTYA³ª TTYB¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼öÇàµÇ°í, µÎ¹ø° layer(datalink)¿Í ¼¼¹ø° layer(packet)´Â Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â software¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù. 3. The 3 Layers of X.25 ¡Ý Physical Layer Physical layer´Â DTE/DCEÀÇ Àü±âÀû Ư¼º°ú, connectorÀÇ °¢ pin¿¡´ëÇÑ À§Ä¡¿Í connectorÀÇ Å©±âµî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â°èÀû Ư¼º¿¡ °ü°èµÇ¾î Áö´Âµ¥, Àü±âÀûÀΠƯ¼ºÀº X.21°ú X.21 bis¿¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº synchronous clocking, transmit and receive signals, voltage/current requirement (RS232/RS449)µîÀÇ defineÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Phical layer´Â DTE¿Í DCE»çÀÌ¿¡ dataÀÇ "bits"¿Í "binary ones and zeros" ¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. ¡Ý Data Link Layer Data Link Layer´Â layer 1¿¡¼ layer 2ÀÇ frameÀ¸·Î Á¤º¸ÀÇ "bit"µéÀ» ¸ðÀ¸´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº DTE¿Í DCE »çÀÌ¿¡ ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü¼Û ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. layer 2´Â frameÀÇ Àü¼ÛÀ» À§ÇØ HDLC protocolÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥, °¢ frameµéÀº CRC checksum°ú ÇÔ²² Àü¼ÛµÇ°í, receiveÇÏ´Â Á¾´ÜÀº checksumÀ» ´Ù½Ã °è»ê ÇÏ¿© ¿ø·¡ÀÇ °Í°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ¼ö½ÅÇϹǷΠ½Å·Ú¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à checksumÀÌ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¸é ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© Áö°í, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¹«½ÃµÇ¾î Áö´Âµ¥ °¢ frameµéÀº ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀÎ ¹øÈ£¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î sender¿Í receiver°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Àü¼ÛÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¡Ý Packet Layer ÀÌ layer¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·ÎÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ Àü¼ÛÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, destination machine¿¡ callÀ» ¿äû, connectionÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº DTE¿¡¼ DTE·ÎÀÇ µÎ Á¾Á¡°£ÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. packet layer´Â ¿¬°áÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í³ ´ÙÀ½, data packetÀ» º¸³»°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº DTE¿Í DCE»çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. packet layer´Â Çѹø¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ data packet window¸¦ sendingÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È帧Á¦¾î¸¦ Çϸç, ÇϳªÀÇ physical link¸¦ ÅëÇØ 4096±îÁöÀÇ virtual connectionÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. * Establish Connection ( Full duplex ) - connection requeast (PSE) - setup connection - send data - connection close X.25ÀÇ °¡»óȸ¼± ¼ºñ½º(virtual-circuit service)´Â µÎ°¡ÁöÇüÀÇ °¡»óȸ¼±À» Á¦°øÇϴµ¥ °¡»óÄÝ°ú ¿µ±¸Àû°¡»óȸ¼±ÀÌ´Ù. °¡»óÄÝ(virtual call)Àº SVC(Switched Virtual Circuits)¶ó°íµµÇϸç X.21ÀÇ °Í°ú À¯»çÇÑ call¼³Á¤°ú Ŭ¸®¾î¸µ ÇÁ·Î½ÃÀú¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡»óȸ¼±À» ¼³Á¤Çϸç, ¿µ±¸Àû °¡»óȸ¼±(PVC : Permanent Virtual Circuits)Àº ¿µ±¸ÀûÀΰÍÀ¸·Î Network°¡ ¹èÁ¤ÇÑ °¡»óȸ¼±ÀÌ´Ù. dataÀü¼ÛÀº °¡»óÄÝÀ» ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ¹ß»ýµÇÁö¸¸ Äݼ³Á¤ ¶Ç´Â Ŭ¸®¾î¸µÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù +----------+ | User |<-------------------------------> To remote | Process | user process |----------| +----------+ | |<--------------------------->| | | Packet |<--------------------------->| Packet | |----------| Multi-channel logical I/F |----------| | Link | | Link | | access |<--------------------------->| access | |----------| Lap-B link-level logical I/F|----------| | | | | | Physical |<===========================>| Physical | +----------+ X.21 physical interface +----------+ < ±×¸² > X.25 INTERFACE -------------------------------------------------------------------- ÆРŶ Çü ¼ºñ½º ----------------------------------------- -------------------- DCE¿¡¼ DTE·Î DTE¿¡¼ DCE·Î SVC PVC -------------------------------------------------------------------- Call Setup and Clearing Incoming call Call request X Call connected Call accepted X Clear indication Clear request X DCE clear confirmation DTE clear confirmation X Data and Interrupt DCE data DTE data X X DCE interrupt DTE interrupt X X DCE interrupt confirm. DTE interrupt confirm. X X Flow Control and Reset DCE RR DTE RR X X DCE RNR DTE RNR X X DTE REJ X X Reset indication Reset request X X DCE reset confirmation DTE reset confirmation X X Restart Restart indication Request request X X Diagnostic Diagnostic X X -------------------------------------------------------------------- * RR : Receive Ready < Ç¥ > X.25 ÆÐŶÇü 4. Setup procedure °¡»óÄÝ(SVC)¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÏÀÇ ¼ø¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À¸¸ç PVC¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÏÀÇ ÁøÇà¼ø¼´Â À§ÀÇ Ç¥¿¡¼ ó·³ "Call Setup and Clearing"ºÎºÐÀÌ »ý·«µÈ´Ù. 1) Call RequestÆÐŶÀ» ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ DCE¿¡ º¸³¿À¸·Î½á B·ÎÀÇ °¡»óȸ¼±À» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐŶÀº ±Ù¿øÁö¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í°°ÀÌ °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£(±×·ì, ä³Î)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µé¾î°¡°í ³ª°¡´Â µ¥ÀÌŸÀü¼ÛÀº °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£·Î È®ÀÎÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù 2) ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â ÀÌ ÄÝ¿äûÀ» BÀÇ DCE·Î °æ·Î¹èÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù 3) BÀÇ DCE´Â ÄÝ ¿äûÀ» ¹Þ°í B¿¡°Ô Call indicationÆÐŶÀ» º¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÐŶÀº Áö¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹øÈ£µé·ÎºÎÅÍ BÀÇ DCE¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼±ÅÃµÈ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â Call RequestÆÐŶ°ú °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ» °®´Â´Ù 4) B´Â Call indicationÆÐŶÀÇ ¹øȣó·³ ¶È°°Àº °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Call AcceptedÆÐŶÀ» º¸³¿À¸·Î½á ÄÝÀÇ ¼ö¶ôÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù 5) A´Â Call requestÆÐŶ°ú °°Àº ¶È°°Àº °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£¸¦ °®´Â Call Connected ÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ°ÔµÈ´Ù 6) A¿Í B´Â ±×µé °¢ÀÚÀÇ °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌŸ¿Í Á¦¾îÆÐŶµéÀ» º¸³½´Ù 7) A(¶Ç´Â B)´Â °¡»óȸ¼±ÀÇ Á¾·á¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Clear requestÆÐŶÀ» º¸³»°í, Local Clear ConfirmationÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù 8) B(¶Ç´Â A)´Â Clear IndicationÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ°í Clear ConfirmationÆÐŶÀ» º¸³½´Ù machine A machine B | | CALL REQUEST ________ | | ---------> CALL INDICATION | | | __________ Call ACCEPTED CALL CONNECTED <------ | | | | | DATA ________ | | ----------> DATA | | ... | | | ____________ RR RR <-------- | | | ... CLEAR REQUEST ________ | | ----------> CLEAR INDICATION CLEAR CONFIRMATION | CLEAR CONFIRMATION | < ±×¸² > ÀÏÀÇ ¼ø¼ - X.25 °¡»óÄÝ 5. X.25 Packet Layer 1) Multiplexing X.25´Â logical channel number¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, multiplex vitual connect- ionÀ» Á¦°øÇϴµ¥, ÇϳªÀÇ physical link¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© 4096±îÁöÀÇ virtual connectionÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡±×¸²Àº °¡»óȸ¼±ÀÇ addressÇÒ´çÀ» ¹¦»çÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹øÈ£ 0Àº Ç×»ó Restart¿Í Áø´Ü¿ë ÆÐŶÀ» À§ÇØ À¯º¸µÈ´Ù. PVC(¿µ±¸Àû °¡»óȸ¼±)´Â 1·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹øÈ£µéÀ» ¹è´ç¹Þ°Ô µÇ°í, SVC´Â low¿¡¼ high±îÁö¸¦ defineÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù Virtual circuit ------ number | 1 |---------- | PVC (Permenent virtual circuits) High|---------- | Low |----------============== | One-way incoming | | virtual calls | Assignment by DCE High|---------- | | v Low |---------- | Two-way | virtual calls High|---------- | ^ Low |---------- | | One-way outgoing | Assignment by DTE | virtual calls | High|----------============== | | 4095--- < ±×¸² > °¡»óȸ¼± ¹øÈ£ ÇÒ´ç 2) Connection Establishment X.25 network¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¢ node´Â uniqueÇÑ X.121 address¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, telephone call°ú À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² node¿¡ ´ëÇÑ callÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. 3) Data Transfer and Flow Control X.25 ÆÐŶ ·¹º§¿¡¼ÀÇ È帧Á¦¾î´Â Çü½Ä°ú ÇÁ·Î½ÃÁ®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ LINK Access °èÃþ¿¡¼ÀÇ È帧Á¦¾î¿Í »ç½Ç»ó µ¿ÀÏÇϸç, ½½¶óÀ̵ù À©µµ¿ì ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù default windowÀÇ Å©±â´Â 2À̸ç 7bit field¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© 127±îÁö ¼³Á¤ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. connectionÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÈÄ X.25´Â data¸¦ ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Âµ¥, window¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© flow controlÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¾î X.25ÀÇ windowÀÇ Å©±â°¡ 7À̶ó¸é sender´Â Çѹø¿¡ 7°³±îÁöÀÇ frameÀ» º¸³¾¼ö Àִµ¥, receiver´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã sender°¡ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ packetÀ» º¸³»±âÀü¿¡ acknowledge¸¦ º¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à receiver°¡ busy»óÅ¿©¼ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ packetÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, RNRÀ» sender·Î º¸³»°í receiver°¡ ¹ÞÀ» Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, RRÀ» sender¿¡°Ô º¸³½´Ù. 4) Diagnostic Codes X.25 packet layer´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÇ °ËÃâ°ú resolutionÀ» À§ÇØ diagnostic code ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϴµ¥, ¿¹¸¦µé¾î X.25¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ¶§ line upÀÌ µÇÁö¾Ê°Å³ª runningµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, 0x43ÀÇ diganostic code¸¦ µ¹·Á¹Þ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, Invalid Called DTE address¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. 5) Reset and Restart X.25´Â ¿¡·¯¸¦ ȸº¹½ÃÅ°´Â 2°¡Áö ±â¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇϴµ¥, reset±â¹ýÀº °¡»óȸ¼±À» ´Ù½Ã ÃʱâÈ ½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Á¾Á¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¼ø¼¹øÈ£µéÀÌ 0À¸·Î Á¤ÇØÁø´Ù´Â°ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù ResetÀº ÆÐŶÀÇ ¼Õ½Ç, ¼ø¼¹øÈ£ ¿¡·¯, °úÀ×¹ÐÁý ¶Ç´Â network ³»ºÎ °¡»ó ȸ¼±ÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº ¿¡·¯Á¶°Çµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾ß±âµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. DTE ¶Ç´Â DCE´Â Reset Request ¶Ç´Â Reset IndicationÀ¸·Î ResetÀ» ÃʱâÈ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¼ö·ÉÀÚ´Â Reset ConfirmationÀ¸·Î ÀÀ´äÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´©°¡ ResetÀ» ÃʱâÈ Çß°Ç°£¿¡ DCE´Â ´Ù¸¥Á¾Á¡¿¡ Å뺸ÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù º¸´Ù ½É°¢ÇÑ ¿¡·¯Á¶°ÇÀº RestartÀÇ ¿äûÀÌ´Ù. Restart Request ÆÐŶÀ» º¸³»´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç ´Éµ¿Àû °¡»óÄÝ »óÅ¿¡¼ Clear Request¸¦ º¸³»´Â °Í°ú ¸ðµç ´Éµ¿Àû ¿µ±¸ °¡»óȸ¼±»ó¿¡ Reset Request¸¦ º¸³»´Â°Í°ú °°´Ù. Restart°¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ¸é ´Ù½Ã DTE³ª DCE´Â µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÃʱâÈ ½ÃŲ´Ù. ¡Ý X.121 Addressing ! DNIC ! NTN ! ------------------------------- ! 3 ! 10 ! 6- ! 1000- ! 00 ! ------------------------------- ! ! ! ! !______ Sub Address ! ! ! !________ Network terminal Number ! ! !_______________ Network Number 6 = Tymnet ! !_____________________ Country Code 10, 11, 12 = US !_________________________ World Zone 3 = North America * DNIC : Data Network Identification Code * NTN : Network Terminal Number * X.121 Address´Â 4 ÀÚ¸®ÀÇ DNIC number¿Í 10 ÀÚ¸®±îÁöÀÇ NTN number·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Âµ¥, NTNÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· µÎÀÚ¸®´Â sub-addressingÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¡Ý 3 Phases of X.25 1) Call Set-Up (Connection Establishment) µÎ°³ÀÇ ³ëµå°¡ X.25¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ¶§, ÇϳªÀÇ ³ëµå´Â caller DTEÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥Çϳª´Â called DCEÀÌ´Ù. caller DTE´Â PSN(Packet Swtching Node)¿¡ X.25 CALL REQUEST packetÀ» º¸³»´Âµ¥, ÀÌ packetÀº destination node³ª called DCEÀÇ X.121 address¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. PSNÀº CALL REQUEST packetÀ» destination¿¡ º¸³»±â À§ÇØ ¾î¶»°Ô route ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, CALL REQUEST¸¦ ¹Þ´Â called DCE´Â CALL ACCEPT packetÀ» returnÇÔÀ¸·Î¼ callÀ» acceptÇÏ´øÁö, CLEAR REQUEST packetÀ» º¸³¿¿¡ ÀÇÇØ callÀ» °ÅÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 2) Data Transfer Phase Data´Â DTE¿Í DCE»çÀÌ¿¡ Àü¼ÛµÇ´Âµ¥, Çѹø data packetÀ» DCE°¡ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é PSNÀº remoteÀÇ DTE¿¡ data packetÀ» Àü¼ÛÇϴ åÀÓÀ» Áø´Ù. 3) CALL Clearing (Connection De-establishment) ¸ðµç dataÀÇ Àü¼ÛÀ̳ª ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ¿Ï·áÈÄ caller DTE³ª called DCE´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ ¿Ï·á¸¦ ¾Ë¸®°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº CLEAR REQUEST packetÀ» º¸³¿À¸·Î¼ ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù. callÀÌ clearµÇ¸é logical channel(LCN)À̳ª buffer¿Í °°ÀÌ call°ú ÇÔ²² ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾ú´ø ¸ðµç resourceµéÀº X.25·Î µÇµ¹·Á Áö°ÔµË´Ï´Ù. ¡Ý Data Packet 1) data packetÀº µÎ ³ëµåµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ Á¤º¸ÀÇ Àü¼ÛÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç, receiving applicationÀ̳ª PAD¿Í °°Àº device¿¡ ÀÇÇØ interpreteµÇ´Â Ưº°ÇÑ control Á¤º¸¸¦ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Q bit°¡ "1"ÀÌ¸é ±× data´Â Ưº°ÇÑ control Á¤º¸ÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í, "0" À̸é ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. 2) µÎ ³ëµåµé »çÀÌ¿¡ data°¡ Àü¼ÛµÉ¶§, window ÀÇ Å©±â´Â receiving acknow- ledgement¾øÀÌ Çѹø¿¡ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â data packet¼ö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¡Ý Reset packet 1) data°¡ Àü¼ÛµÇ¾î Áö´Âµ¿¾È ¸¸¾à DTE³ª DCE°¡ packet sequence error¿Í °°Àº ¾î¶² ¿¡·¯¸¦ °ËÃâÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é RESET REQUEST PACKETÀÌ ¾çÂÊÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. 2) RESET operationÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ°Ô µÇ¸é bufferÀÇ flush·Î ÀÎÇØ outstandingµÈ dataÀÇ ÀϺδ ¼Õ½ÇµÇ¸ç, sender¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àç¼Û½ÅµÈ´Ù. 6. X.25 Data Link Layer 1) Reliable Transmission data link layer´Â DTE¿¡¼ DCE·Î ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ Àü¼ÛÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. data´Â HDLC information frameÀ¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇ°í °¢ frameÀº ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î receiver¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÇ¾î Áø´Ù. ¿äû¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº frameµéÀº ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ÈÄ ÀçÀü¼Û µÇ¾îÁö¸ç, ¸¸¾à frameÀÇ ¾î¶² ºÎºÐÀ» ¹ÞÁö¸øÇØ receiver°¡ Ưº°È÷ ¿äûÇÒ °æ¿ìµµ sender °¡ frameÀ» ÀçÀü¼ÛÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 2) Link Level Connection Establishment connectionÀº DTE¿Í DCE»çÀÌ¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¸ç, X.25´Â LAPB³ª Link Access Procedure( Balanced mode )¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ÀÌ modeÀÇ operationÀº sender¿Í receiver°¡ command³ª response¸¦ º¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Âü°í·Î SDLC´Â primary/secondary modeÀÇ operationÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº primary stationÀÌ command¸¦ º¸³»°í secondary stationÀÌ response¸¦ º¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. 3) Data Transfer and Flow Control data´Â I-frameÀ̶ó ºÒ·¯Áö´Â HDLC information frameÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àü¼Û µÇ¸ç, °¢ I-frameÀº N(R)°ú N(S) count¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥ N(R)Àº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ receiveµÉ I-frameÀ» °¡¸£Å°°í, N(S)´Â ´ÙÀ½¿¡ sendµÉ I-frameÀ» °¡¸£Å²´Ù. flow controlÀº packet layer¿Í À¯»çÇÏ¿© RNR°ú RRÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 4) Recoverable and Irrecoverable conditions data link layer´Â Ưº°ÇÑ REJECT frameÀ» º¸³¿¿¡ ÀÇÇØ frameÀÇ lost³ª damage¸¦ º¹±¸ÇÑ´Ù. HDLC frame structure ----------------------------------------------------------------- | Flag |Address|Control|Information|Frame Check| Flag | | 01111110 |Field |Field |Field |Sequence | 01111110 | -----------------------------------------------------------------