1993.10.22

SUBJECT: SNA article


         *** Distributed SNA 

-User µéÀÇ Distributed TP(Transaction Processing) ¿ä±¸ ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ 

     1.Generalized decentralization trends within the organization.  

     2.Technological migration of data processing and communication capability 

     3.Need to provide peer-to-peer connectivity and resource sharing among
     distributed, hostless processing environment 

-¹è°æ 

     1.Host-controlled, Áß¾ÓÁýÁßÇü ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸Á¶´Â batch processing À¸·Î ÀÌ
     ¸£°Ô Çß°í, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °è»êºñ¿ëÀ» ³ô°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.  

     2.Interacitve user ÀÇ information throughput °ú reponse time ÀÌ central
     host ÀÌ¿ëÀ» ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¶³¾î¶ß·È´Ù.  

     3.ºü¸¥ H/W °¡°ÝÀÇ Ç϶ô°ú Workstation ÀÇ °è»ê´É·Â ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â Çб³, Á¤ºÎ, ȸ
     »ç µîÀ» °ÅÃÄ distributed, desktop ÀÇ small-system DB ȯ°æ.  

     4.Machine vendor type ¶Ç´Â Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ single-system image °¡
     ¹Ù·Î target application À¸·Î transparent ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ´Â user requirement.  

-µîÀå 

#IBM  Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ distributed TP(transaction pprcessing) ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ºÎÇÕÇÏ¿© IBM
ÀÇ SNA(system network architecture) ÀÇ Spec À» È®ÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù.  ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ distributed
extensions ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.  

     -APPC(Advanced Program-to-Program Communication)ÀÇ ±âÃÊ 

     -SNADS(SNA Distribution Services) 

     -DIA(Document Intercahnge Architecture) 

     -DCA(Document Content Architecture) 

     -DDM(Document Data Management) 

     -LEN(Low Entry Networking) 

$$$ ÀÌ article Àº SNA ¿¡¼­ APPC ±îÁöÀÇ º¯Ãµ°úÁ¤À» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í APPC-based distrib-
uted SNA ±¸Á¶¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.  

##SNA(System Network Architecture) 

--1974³â ¹ßÇ¥µÈ Àü·«ÀûÀÎ communication architecture  ·Î½á communication network
 ¿¡¼­ interconnection °ú resource sharing À» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.  

--SNA architecture rule sets 

     1.SNA end user:application program, I/O devices, terminal operators.  SNA
      architecture ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, interconnection °ú resource sharing  À»
      À§ÇÏ¿© SNA ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.  

     2.The interface and relationship between SNA and logical network compo-
     nents.  

     3.The logical components required to interconnect and share resources
     among end users.  

     4.The operation sequences for controlling the configuration and operation
     of a network.  

--SNA architecture ´Â logical network component ·Î NAU(Network Addressable
Uniits) ¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº  end user °¡ ¼­·Î access ¸¦ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï communi-
cation port ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.  ¶ÇÇÑ, Network  ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© data ¸¦ º¸³»´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Çϸç,
ÇϳªÀÇ node ¿¡ º¹¼ö°³ °¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.  ±×¸®°í,SNA network ¾È¿¡¼­ unique ÇÑ network
address ¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù.  (*end user ¿ÍÀÇ ´Ü¸» ⱸ,network¸¦ °ü¸®ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ Á¤º¸³ª Áö
·ÉÀ» ¼Û¼ö½Å ÇÏ´Â ±â´É)



Network address;¸ðµç NAU µéÀÌ network ³»¿¡¼­ Àڱ⸦ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ½Äº°ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ
          ¸ç SNA ¿¡¼­´Â NAU ¿¡ network address ¶ó´Â ¹øÈ£¸¦ ºÎ¿© °ü¸®ÇÔ.  net-
          work ³»·Î º¸³»´Â data  ¿¡´Â ¼ö½ÅÀÎ/¹ß½ÅÀÎ ÀÇ NAU  ¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â netwirk
          address¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Path control network ´Â ÀÌ ¼ö½ÅÀÎ network
          address ¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¸ñÀûÇÏ´Â Peripheral node  ±îÁö Àü¼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.  

          Network address ´Â Subaddress ¿Í  element address ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.
          VTAM/NCP  ¿¡¼­´Â °¢ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ½Äº°Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹øÈ£¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.  VTAM/NCP
          ´Â À̹øÈ£¸íÀ» network address ·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ°í, sub-address °£ÀÇ data ¼Û¼ö
          ½Å¿¡´Â Network address ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.  


          i)Sub-address:routing table À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ƯÁ¤ subarea ¸¦ ½Äº°.
               peripheral node ÀÇ I/O ´Â sub-area node °¡ control.  data  ´Â °¢
               sub-area node °£¿¡¼­ Àü¼ÛÇÑµÚ peripheral node ·Î Àü¼Û.  °¢
               peripheral node ³ª Àû¿ë¾÷¹« program ÀÌ ¾î´À Sub-area node ¿¡ ¼Ó
               ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ sub-area address ·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÔ.  

          ii)Element address:element routing table À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© sub-area ³»ÀÇ
               NAU ¸¦ ½Äº°.  NAU  ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¢ sub-area ³»¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÑ °í
               À¯addresss ¸¦ ¸»ÇÔ.  ¿¹¸¦µé¸é,PU4/5 ¿¡¼­ Ç×»ó pu´Â 0,sscp ´Â 1,
               lu ´Â 2,3 ÀÇ address.  

          cf)BF(boundary function):element address¸¦ peripheral nodeÀÇ local
          address·Î º¯°æ.  peripheral address  ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ network address ·Î ´Ù
          ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í local address ·Î ´Ù·ç¾î Áö´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â network configura-
          tion ÀÇ º¯°æÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.(network reconfiguration À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ
          network address  ÀÇ º¯°æ¿¡ ´ëÇØ peripheral node ´Â transparency ¸¦ °¡
          Áü) BF ´Â Path control Network  ÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, peripheral node
          ·Î Á¢¼ÓµÇ´Â sub-area node ´Â boundary function component ¸¦ °¡Á®¾ßÇÔ.
          Local address:Sub-area node  ´Â network address ºÎÅÍ ÁÖº¯node ÀÇ È¸
          ¼±, address, SDC address ¿Í ±× ÁÖº¯node ³»ÀÇ ¾î´À NAU ¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´ÂÁö¸¦
          ã¾Æ³½´Ù. ±×¸®°í, sub-area node °¡ peripheral node ·Î Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â data
          ¿¡´Â local addresss  ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.  

 NAU ´Â 3 °¡Áö Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.  

     1.SSCP(System Service Cntrol Point):Network resource  ³ª session ÀÇ °ü¸®.


     2.PU(Physical Uint):Node ³»ÀÇ resource »óȲÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ¿© SSCP ¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ±â
     ´ÉÀ¸·Î½á VTAM,NCP,´Ü¸»Á¦¾î ÀåÄ¡°¡ À̱â´ÉÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.  

     3.LU(Logical Uint): end user ¿ÍÀÇ Ã¢±¸¿ªÇÒ.  

--LUs ´Â end user °¡ SNA network resources  ¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â logical
port ÀÌ´Ù.  PLU(Primary LU) ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº end user ¿¡°Ô resources ¸¦ allocate.  ¿©
±â¼­ resources ´Â machine processor cycle, real and virtual storage,DASDs(di-
rect access storage devices), I/O devices,terminal and keyboard dis-
plays,queues, database records, and sessions .....  

--Session Àº µÎ°³ÀÇ NAU °£ÀÇ ÀϽÃÀûÀÌ°í, logical connection À¸·Î ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ±¸
ºÐµÈ´Ù.  

 1.LU-to-LU session:Network  ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀθñÀûÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. user µéÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ µû¶ó
 µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸³µÈ´Ù.  


*** »ðÀÔÀÚ·á ***



 2.SSCP-to-SSCP:´ÙÁß domain À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ SNA network ¿¡¼­ LU °£ÀÇ  cross-domain
 Åë½ÅÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¸ç ´Ù¾çÇÑ SSCP °£ÀÇ Á¦¾îÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù.  

 3.SSCP-to-PU:SSCP  ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ domain ¿¡¼­ °¢ pu µé°ú ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ session À» °¡Á®¾ß
 ¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.  ÀÌ session Àº networkÀÌ ÃʱâÈ­ µÉ¶§ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸³µÈ´Ù. network °ü
 ¸®Àڴ ƯÁ¤ pu ¸¦ Àá½Ãµ¿¾È »ç¿ëºÒ°¡´É ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.  

 4.SSCP-to-LU:SSCP ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ domain ¿¡¼­ °¢ LU µé°ú ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ session À» °¡Á®¾ß
 ¸¸ÇÑ´Ù.  ÀÌ session Àº network user °¡ lu ¸¦ access ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¼³¸³µÈ´Ù.
 network °ü¸®Àڴ ƯÁ¤sscp-to-lu session À» Á¾·á½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á LU ¸¦ Àá½Ãµ¿¾È »ç¿ë
 ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù.  

 5.PU-to-PU :¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀǵÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ , ÀÎÁ¢pu °£ÀÇ network information À»
 ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù.  

--PUs ´Â SNA ³»ÀÇ S/W base ÀÇ resource manager ÀÌ¸ç ´ÙÀ½À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù 

 1.ƯÁ¤À¯ÇüÀÇ device  ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ service Á§°ø.  

 2.communication link ¿Í °°Àº physical resources ¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â service Á¦°ø 

 3.node diagnostic information À» »ý¼º 

 4.storage dump, activity trace information À» °¡Áü.  

 5.SNA node function ±¸ºÐÀ¸·Î 5,4,2.1,2.0, 1 ·Î ±¸ºÐ 

     *PU5:SSCP S/W  ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â host node.  3090,3080, 3030, 4300, 9370series 

     *PU4:NCPS/W  ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â CCU(Communication controller
     unit).3705,3725/3726,3720/3721.  

     *PU2.0:PUCP(PU control point)¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â 3174,3274,3276 °°Àº Cluster
     Controller.  ÀÌ node ´Â PU2.0 ³¢¸®´Â a single link ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÀÌ ¸µÅ©´Â
     µÎ°¡ÁöÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ µÉ¼öÀÖ´Ù.  PUCP(Peripheral Unit control Point) 

-SDLC link:NCP  °¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â  PU4 ÀÇ downstream À¸·Î½á remote cluster controller
¿¡ ¿¬°á.  

-data channel:SSCP °¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â PU5 ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ºÙ´Â local cluster controller ¿¡ ¿¬
°á.  

 *PU2.1:ÀÌ node ´Â NN(Network Node) ¶Ç´Â PN(Peripheral Node) °¡ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.  ÀÌ
 node ´Â advanced cluster node ¶ó°íµµ Çϴµ¥ System36, S/38, 5520,8100,IBM PC,
 µî¿ì·Î PNCP(Peripheral Node Control Point) software ¸¦ Áö¿øÇϸç SSCP ÀÇ subset
 À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿© PU2.1 ÀÌ SNA session À» direct ·Î control ÇÑ´Ù.  PNCP(Peripheral
 Node Control Point) 

 *PU1:Pre-SNA device or TN(Terminal Node) Non-SNA link-level protocol   À» Áö¿ø
 ,3271/3272 devices ¿¹)Asynchronous,BSC,SDLC 

--PU, LU ¿¡ ÀÌÀº ¼¼¹ø° NAU ÀÎ SSCP ´Â host ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â NAU ·Î½á network
management ¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö¸ç, VTAM(Virtual Telecommunications Access Methed) ÀÇ
subset ÀÌ´Ù.  SSCP ´Â SNA domain ÀÇ controller ÀÌ´Ù. SNA ¿¡ ¼­ÀÇ domain Àº Çϳª
ÀÇ SSCP ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç LU,PU,links ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.  

--SNA ´Â functional layer ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.  °¢°¢Àº Ưº°ÇÑ service ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â
µ¥, layering ÀÇ °¡ÀåÅ« ÀÕÁ¡Àº functional moduality ÀÇ »ý¼ºÀ̸ç one layer ÀÇ º¯
È­°¡ ´Ù¸¥ layer ¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.  ±×¸®°í flexibility ¸¦ Áõ°¡
½ÃÅ°°í logical ÇÏ°Ô ¼­·Îµ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î design,implement, and invoke.  

 1.Physical Control:physically connect DTE to DCE.  

 2.Data link Control:logical link initialization, data transfer, link disconnc-
 tion.  (SNA layer Áß °¡Àå ÇÏÀ§ÀÇ layer ·Î½á ƯÁ¤ physical link »óÀÇ µÎ node °£
 ÀÇ data Àü¼ÛÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁø´Ù. ÀÌ layer ÀÇ °¡ÀåÁß¿äÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº ¾î¿¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Àü
 ¼Û¿¡·¯¸¦ ¸·¾ÆÁÖ°í º¹¿ø ½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â ¿ªÈ°ÀÌ´Ù) 

 3.Path Control:Network route selection,class of service,message segmenta-
 tion/blocking.  (network »óÀÇ Çѳëµå¿¡¼­ path »óÀÇ ¿· node ·Î data ¸¦ route
 Çϴ°Ͱú °ü°èÀÖ´Ù.) 

 4.Transmission Control:end-to-end connectivity,session activation/deactiva-
 tion,session pacing ( ÁøÇàÁßÀÎ session ÀÇ »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í , session ³»ÀÇ ÀÚ·á
 È帧ÀÇ pace ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇϸç, Àû´çÇÑ sequence ¿¡ º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀ» message ¸¦ ¸¸µç data
 ÀÇ unit ¸¦ º»´Ù.) 

 5.Data Flow Control:correlation of data exchange,flow synchronization during
 session.  (µÎ NAU °£ÀÇ session ÀÌ ¼º¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È data flow ÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ º¸
 Àü°ú °ü°è ÀÖ´Ù.  ÀÌ °ÍÀº send ¿Í receive ÀÇ mode ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, °ü°èµÈ message
 ÀÇ group À» °ü¸®Çϸç, »ç¿ëÇÒ reponse mode ÀÇ type À» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.) 

 6.Presentaion Services:format data for various presentation media,syntatic,se-
 mantic data representation.  

 7.Transaction services:end-user logical interface.  

--SNA functional layer ´Â  Å©°Ô µÎ°¡Áö·Î ³ª´©¾î Áø´Ù.  

 1.NAUs:»óÀ§ 4°³ layer 

 2.path control network:ÇÏÀ§2°³ÀÇ layer 


--Layer µé°£ÀÇ communication ¿¡´Â 2 °¡Áö type À¸·Î ³ª´®.  

 1.Communication Between adjacent layers:ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ layer  °£¿¡ ÀϾ´Â physical
 communication 

 2.Peer-to-peer Communication:µÎ communication node ¿¡¼­ paired layer °£¿¡ ¹ß»ý
 ÇÏ´Â logical communication.  

--The construction of SNA message unit 

 :SNA node ³»¿¡¼­¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ layering À» °ÅÃļ­ SNA message unit °¡ ±¸¼ºµÇ¸ç ÀÌ
 ´Â highest operative layers ·Î ºÎÅÍ lower-layer protocol ÀÇ header  °¡ Ãß°¡µÇ
 ¾î encapsulation  µÈ´Ù.  network ³»ÀÇ  ÀÎÁ¢ node ¿¡¼­µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î
 recognize, decapsulate, µîÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇà.  

--RU(Request/Response Unit) 

 1.end userÀÇ network control informationÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ SNA message
 unit.  

 2.PU5, 2.1, 2.0, 1 node ³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ layer4-7 ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿¡¼­ Á¶¸³µÈ field formatted
 binary data ·Î ±¸¼ºµÊ.  

--FMH(Fuction Management Header) 

 1.LU1,6.0 , 6.1, 6.2 ¿Í °°Àº ¾î¶² lu session type ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©  layer 6 ´Â FMH ¸¦
 ¸¸µé¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.  

 2.multiple device LU ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© end user destination device ÀÇ selection °ú °°
 Àº precise instruction À̳ª compression,compaction, or output instruction °°Àº
 specific data operation  À» ¼ö¼ÛÇÏ´Â(convey) session ³»¿¡¼­, FMH ´Â control
 information À» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ mechanism  ÀÌ´Ù.  

--RH(Respose/Request Header) 

 1.layer 4,5,6 ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù.  

 2.convey and enforces session-unique profiles and protocols.  

--TH(Transmission Header) 

 1.node routing ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© path control ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.  

 2.layer 3 ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.  

 3.VR(VIrtual Router) Transmission Priority(TP) definition base ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Class
 of Service(COS) level À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.  

--LH(Link Header),LT(Link Trailer) 

 1.layer 2 ´Â LH ·Î½á PIU ¸¦ encapsulate ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °á°ú°¡ BLU  ÀÌ´Ù.  

 2.¸¸¾à BLU°¡ SDLC link ·Î traverse  Çϸé, ÀÌ°ÍÀº SDLC frame À» define ÇÑ´Ù.
 ¸¸¾à layer 2 link protocol ÀÌ SDLC °¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é,(token ring) PIU ´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ layer
 2 protocol header ¿Í  trailer ·Î½á encapsulate µÈ´Ù.  

--Centralized SNA network evolution 

 :SNA network  ´Â ¾ÖÃÊ¿¡ simple, tree oriented, single-host, single-CCU ÀÇ È¯°æ
 À̾úÀ¸³ª major enhancement °¡ Á¦°ø.  

 1.host  ³»¿¡ VTAM ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ·Î application °ú sub-system À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ °úµµÇÑ
 network overhead function °ú pre-SNA access method ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ»  ÇÕº´, Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿´
 ´Ù.  

 2.CCU ³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ NCP ÀÇ Á¤ÀǷμ­ pre-SNA ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ¾ø¾ú´ø S/W programmability ¸¦
 Á¦°ø.  

 3.¾î´ÀÁ¤µµÀÇ device ¿Í protocol dependency   ¸¦ elimination.  

 :1976³â, IBM Àº VTAM °ú   NCP ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ACF(Advanced Communication Function)
 À» ºôÇ¥.  ÀÌ ACF/VTAM °ú ACF/NCP ´Â host ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â MSNF(Multisystems
 Networking Facility) ·Î½á, multi-host ¸¦ define, muti-CCU networks(multi-do-
 main network) ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Á¦°ø.  

 :1979³â, SNA network connectivity ÀÇ extend.  

 1.remote NCP  »Ó¸¸¾Æ´Ï°í, local NCP »çÀÌ¿¡¼­µµ cross-domain link 

 2.Paralell links between adjacent NCPs 

 3.Logical consolidation( ÇÕº´ ) of adjacent-NCP links into Transmission
 Groups(TGs) 

 4.Multiple and alternate routing between end-point subarea nodes over Explicit
     Routes(ERs), Reverse Explicit Routes(RERs) and VRs(Virtual Routes) 

 :1983³â, IBM ÀÌ SNI(SNA Interconnection) ¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ 

 1.cross-domain network ÀÇ logical extension À¸·Î end-user application program
 °ú devices °¡ distinct , separate SNA network ·Î ºÎÅÍ access ¸¦ ÇÒ¼öÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.


 2.interconnected SNA ¿¡¼­ °¢°¢Àº unique nameing, addressing, intenal network
 management procedure amd protocol À» °®´Â´Ù.  

 3.gateway NCP ´Â ¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ°³ÀÇ SNA ¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ°í, °¢ network  À» À§ÇØ two
 sub-address ¸¦ °®°íÀÖÀ¸¸ç, gateway VTAM  Àº ¾çÂÊ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.  

SNI ÀÇ Àü·«Àû ¸ñÀû°ú Àü¼úÀû ¸ñÀûÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.  

 1.strategic objective:ºÐ¸®µÈ network À» ¿¬°áÇÏ°í,°¢°¢Àº ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î unique
 global naming and addressing conventions¸¦ Áö¿ø,cross-network connectivity and
 transparent resoure sharing ¸¦ Á¦°ø.  

 2.tactical objective: Remove addressing constraints from large SNA networks.
 ÀÌ°ÍÀº SNI ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿¬°áµÈ sub-network ³»¿¡¼­ network address ¸¦ ¸î°³ÀÇ
 fields ·Î ³ª´®À¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.  

 ±×´ç½Ã¿¡´Â 16-bit  °¡ MAXSUBA ¶Ç´Â network ´ç ÃÖ´ë sub-area ¼ö ¿Í sub-area ´ç
 element address ¼ö ·Î ³ª´®.  

 :1984³â, IBM Àº ENA(Extended Network Addressing) À» ¼Ò°³.  

 1.ENA ´Â single network address space  ¸¦ ÃÖ´ë 255 sub-area ¿Í sub-area ´ç
 32,000 element address ·Î ³ª´®.  µû¶ó¼­ single SNA network ´ç 8.35million
 element address ¸¦ Áö¿ø.  

 2.ENA ´Â larger SNA networks ¿¡¼­ addressing constraints ¸¦ °æ°¨.  

 3.À̱Ⱓ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ SNA ±â´É.  

     -Virtual storage constraint ÀÇ relief °¡ API ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ACF/VTAM °ú
     communication À» ÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© 31bit address ·Î½á 2GB ÀÇ virtual memoryÀ» »ç
     ¿ëÇÏ¿© MVS/XA(Multiple virtual storage/extended architecture)½ÇÇö.  

     -Native Virtual Machine/Support(VMSP) SNA ¸¦ Áö¿ø, ÀÌ´Â VM/370 OS  ÇÏ¿¡¼­
     µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â application program Àº ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î SNA ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© communication.  

     -31 dowmstream lines À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â model 3710 network concentrator °¡ ¹ßÇ¥
     µÊ.  

     -Asynchronous, 3270 BSC, CCITT X.25 ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â protocol converter  °¡ ¹ß
     Ç¥µÊ.  

     --APPC SNA:subarea node connectivity, routing and addressing  ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡µµ
     ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, SNA network ´Â dummy ¿Í host-resident application ¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ̶ó
     ´Â °íÀüÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃÖÀûÈ­ µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù.  

     :application subsystem, VTAM,NCP buffer size,ERs ¿Í RERs VRs »óÀÇ Path
     control network routing ÀÇ dispatch algorithm, session-pacing technique
     À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸ðµç global design parameters µéÀÌ dumb device ¿Í host °£ÀÇ Áö¼Ó
     ÀûÀÎ ¿¬°á¿¡ ÃÐÁ¡ÀÌ ¸ÂÃß¾î Á³´Ù.  


     :ÀÌ °íÀüÀûÀÎ networks ´Â nonhost,standalone, data processing subnetworks
     ¿¡ Á¦¶§¿¡ access ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϴ°ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.  ±×·¯³ª, ¿À´Ã³¯,
     end-user environment ´Â pc ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ hostless ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¡Á¡ Ư¡À» °®°í ¹ßÀü.
     Áï, network ³»¿¡¼­ dummy terminal elmuation device, standalone data
     processing machines, or file transfer nodes ·Î¼­ dummy terminal ÀÌ ¹Ù²î°Ô
     µÇ¾ú´Ù.  ¸¶Áö¸· µÎ°³ÀÇ small-system node ÀÇ  Ư¡ÀÌ °íÀüÀûÀÎ SNA archit-
     encture design À» ¹«½ÃÇÏ¿´°í , 

     :°íÀüÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¼Ó¿¡¼­ distributes, small system À» Áö¿øÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ IBM ÀÇ Àü
     ·«ÀûÀÎ ´ëÀÀÀÌ sub-area network ÀÌ APPC ·Î ¹ßÀüÀÌ´Ù.  

     :APPC ´Â SNA architecture ÀÇ distributed extension À¸·Î LU6.2 ÀÇ operation
     rule À» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.  LU 6.2 ´Â SNA LUs  ÀÇ program-to-program categoryÀÇ ¸â
     ¹ö·Î½á SNA architecture ÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¹ßÀü¹°ÀÌ´Ù.  

     LU6.2 structures an API to port-distributed application transaction
     programs and enable program-to-program access and resource sharing.  

 :APPC API  ´Â ATPs ¿Í APPC °£ÀÇ structured protocol boundary ¸¦ define.  LU
 6.2 ´Â  SNA layer 6,5,4, ÀÇ service ¸¦ invoke ÇÏ°í ATP ´Â SNA architecture »ó
 ¿¡¼­´Â external ÀÌ´Ù.  

 :ATPs ´Â API »ó¿¡¼­ APPC ·Î verbs ¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ¸í·É¾î set ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© communication
 ÇÑ´Ù.  verbs ´Â distributed ATPs communicate »ó¿¡¼­ conversation À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â
 distributed processing programming statement ÀÌ´Ù.  

 :conversation Àº LU 6.2  session ÀÇ serialized time slice segment ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â
 °ÍÀ¸·Î½á, interprogram communication À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© LU6.2 resources ·Î
 ½á ATPs(Application Transaction program) ¿¡°Ô Á¦°øµÈ´Ù.  

 *conversation  Àº ´ÜÁö peerATP °£¿¡ ÀνĵǾî Áø´Ù.  *ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ  APPC(LU6.2) °£ÀÇ
 session Àº SNA layer 6,5,4 ¸¦ invoke ÇÏ°í ATPs ¿¡°Ô conversation resources ¸¦
 Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. lu 6.2 ´Â pu5 ¿Í pu2.1 ¿¡¼­¸¸ Áö¿ø.  *SNA path control network ´Â
 underlying SNA layer 3,2,1 connectivity Á¦°ø.  

 :APPC ¿Í ATPs  °£ÀÇ structured protocol boundary ·Î Á¤ÀǵǴ  API ´Â 

 1)distributed interprogram environment ¿¡¼­ÀÇ standard transaction protocol
 boundary ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.  

 2)underlying APPC session °ú parh control network ȯ°æÀÇ intricacies(µÚ¾ôÈû)
 ¿¡ ´ëÇØ proceed transparent ÇÑ  interprogram communication À» Çã¿ë.  

 3)network ¹®Á¦·ÎºÎÅÍ application developer ¸¦ ºÐ¸®½ÃŲ´Ù.  


 :APPC API ¿¡ pass µÈ verb statement ´Â ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.  

     1)Basic Conversation Verbs 

     2)Mapped conversation Verbs 

     3)Type-independent conversation Verbs 

     4)Control operator Verbs 

 :Program  °ú APPC  »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸ðµç verbs °¡ Åë°úµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ´ÜÁö conversation
 verbs °¡ LU6.2 session »ó¿¡¼­ lu °£¿¡ Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù.  

 1)Basic Conversation:LU6.2 ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀÎ service ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â LU
 STPs(service transaction program) À» À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.  

 LU STPs ´Â ´ÙÀ½À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.  

 -SNADS:SNA distribution services 

 -DIA:Document Interchange Architecture 

 -CNOS:Change number of services model 

 -Resync Mode:Resynchronization 

 ¶ÇÇÑ, LU STPs ´Â end-user ATPS ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡·Î protocol boundary ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ¼ö
 ÀÖ´Ù.  ¿¹¸¦µé¸é basic conversation verbs ´Â Mapped conversation verbsÀÇ ÁøÇàÁß
 ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³°¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.(can be issued).  

 basic conversation verbs ¿Í °¢°¢ÀÇ ±â´É 

 ALLOCATE:logical ÇÏ°Ô µÎ°³ÀÇ TP À» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â conversation À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í, allocate
 ÇÑ´Ù.  

 CONFIRM:local ¿¡¼­ remote TP ·Î confirmation request ¸¦ º¸³¿. À̶§ lcoal TP ´Â
 µÎ°³ÀÇ TP ÀÇ sync ¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÀ´äÀ» ±â´Ù¸².  CONFIRMED:confirm verb  ¸¦ º¸³½ TP
 ¿¡°Ô confirmation reply ¸¦ º¸³¿. ÀÌ°ÍÀº local ¶Ç´Â remote TP execution ÀÇ
 synchronizationÀ» À§ÇØ º¸³¿.  

 DEALLOCATE:TP ·Î ºÎÅÍ conversation À» ³¡³»°í , ¶Ç´Â deallocate 

 FLUSH:local lu  ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç buffered data ¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.  

 GET-ATTRIBUTES:local and remote lu name °ú conversation synchronization °ú °°
 Àº conversation-specific information À»  return ÇÑ´Ù.  

 POST-ON-RECEIPT:data, conversation status, request for confirmation or sync
 point processing °ú °°Àº information ÀÌ receive ÇÒ TP ¸¦ À§ÇÑavailable ÇÑ Æ¯Á¤
 conversation ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¿äû.  

 PREPARE-TO-RECEIVE: data  ¸¦ ¹ÞÀº TP ¸¦ ÁغñÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© send ¿¡¼­  protocol ÀÇ
 receive states ±îÁöÀÇ conversation À» change,underlying LU ses-   conversation
 sion(SNA layer 5 ÀÇ data flow control) Àº half-duplex flip-flop   À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.


 RECEIVE-AND-WAIT:conversation ÀÌ µµÂøÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î information À»
 ¹Þ´Â´Ù.  

 RECEIVE-IMMEDIATE:ƯÁ¤ conversation¿¡ available ÇÑ ¾î¶² information À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.


 ¸¸¾à ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ available ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ÀÌ verb ´Â information ÀÌ µµÂøÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù
 ¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.  

 REQUEST-TO-SEND:local TP  ´Â remote TP ¿¡ °Ô local ÀÌ send state ÀÇ conversa-
 tion ¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â¸¦ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.  

 SEND-DATA:local ¿¡¼­ remote TP ¿¡°Ô data ¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.  

 data formatÀº GDS(general data strea) ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ lu6.2 data stream ÇÏ¿¡
 ¼­ logical records ¿¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. GDS logical record ´Â length field(2byte)
 ¿Í data field(0 - 32765 byte)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ.  

 SEND-ERROR:local  ¿¡¼­ remote TP ·Î detect-error notification À» º¸³¿.  

 TEST:local lu  ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¹ÞÀº conversation ÀÌ  posted Àΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é, "RE-
 QUEST-TO-SEND" Àΰ¡ test.- 

2.Mapped conversation:ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â TP ´Â basic conversation º¸´Ù GDS-defined
data stream ÀÇ format ¿¡ ¸Â°Ô conversation »ó¿¡ º¸³»Áø data ´Â È®ÀÎÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø
À¸¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÇϱⰡ ½±´Ù.  Ưº°È÷ mapped conversation »ó¿¡¼­ º¸³»Áø TP ´Â GDS
logical length field ·Î¼­ prefix data °¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø°í send state ¸¦ µÎ°í º¸³»´Â
logical record µµ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÒÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.  

 1.µÎ°³ÀÇATPs °£ÀÇ conversation À» Áö¿øÇϱâÀ§ÇØ design  µÇ¾ú°í ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î basic
 conversation verbs ·Î½á µ¿ÀÏÇÑ  set of verbs ÀÌ´Ù.  syntax ·Î¼­´Â mapped
 conversation verbs ´Â prefix "MC" ·Î ½ÃÀÛ.  ¹Ý¸é¿¡ basic conversation ´Â
 "ALLOCATE" ¿Í "DEALLOCATE" ¿Í "MC-DEALLOCATE" ÀÇ verbs ·Î¼­ Á¦ÇÑ.  

 2.Ưº°È÷ ÀÌ mapped verbs  ´Â higher-level-language ·Î ¾º¾îÁø application
 program  ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù.  ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ verbs ´Â data mapping À» Áö¿øÇϸç GDS
 mapping °ú  application ¿¡ Åõ¸íÇÑ logical record format À» À§ÇÑ ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À» ¸¸
 µç´Ù.  

 3.Type-independent Verbs: Basic   °ú mapped conversation À» µÑ´Ù Áö¿øÇÏ°í
 Syncpoint ¿Í Backout processing À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.  

 4.Control operator verbs ´Â control operator transaction program  µéÀÌ 

     -local lu ¿Í pu resources ÀÇ define 

     -lu6.2 session ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ 

     -CNOS °°Àº modification sequence ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© session À» control À§ÀÇ 3 °¡Áö
     ¸¦ ÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© structured protocol boundary ¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.  

     -APPC API ¸¦ °æÀ¯ÇÏ¿© 3°³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä verbs °¡ ÀÖ´Ù.  

     -APPC ´Â 9 °³ÀÇ conversation verbs ÀÇ base set À» Áö¿ø,  °¢ lu6.2 ´Â ±×
     base set À» Áö¿øÇؾßÇÑ´Ù.  ¶ÇÇÑ lu6.2 ´Â unique ÇÑ product implementation
     À» À§ÇÏ¿© ¸î°¡Áö option set  µµ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.  

     -APPC ´Â session Áß¿¡ Base set °ú indentical option sets µÑ´Ù Áö¿øÇÒ¶§¸¸
     peer lu verb option-set communication À» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù.  

Revision History
Created              on Oct  22 ,1993