1993.10.22 SUBJECT: SNA article *** Distributed SNA -User µéÀÇ Distributed TP(Transaction Processing) ¿ä±¸ ÀÇ ¿øÀÎ 1.Generalized decentralization trends within the organization. 2.Technological migration of data processing and communication capability 3.Need to provide peer-to-peer connectivity and resource sharing among distributed, hostless processing environment -¹è°æ 1.Host-controlled, Áß¾ÓÁýÁßÇü ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸Á¶´Â batch processing À¸·Î ÀÌ ¸£°Ô Çß°í, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °è»êºñ¿ëÀ» ³ô°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 2.Interacitve user ÀÇ information throughput °ú reponse time ÀÌ central host ÀÌ¿ëÀ» ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¶³¾î¶ß·È´Ù. 3.ºü¸¥ H/W °¡°ÝÀÇ Ç϶ô°ú Workstation ÀÇ °è»ê´É·Â ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â Çб³, Á¤ºÎ, ȸ »ç µîÀ» °ÅÃÄ distributed, desktop ÀÇ small-system DB ȯ°æ. 4.Machine vendor type ¶Ç´Â Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ single-system image °¡ ¹Ù·Î target application À¸·Î transparent ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ´Â user requirement. -µîÀå #IBM Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ distributed TP(transaction pprcessing) ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ºÎÇÕÇÏ¿© IBM ÀÇ SNA(system network architecture) ÀÇ Spec À» È®ÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ distributed extensions ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. -APPC(Advanced Program-to-Program Communication)ÀÇ ±âÃÊ -SNADS(SNA Distribution Services) -DIA(Document Intercahnge Architecture) -DCA(Document Content Architecture) -DDM(Document Data Management) -LEN(Low Entry Networking) $$$ ÀÌ article Àº SNA ¿¡¼ APPC ±îÁöÀÇ º¯Ãµ°úÁ¤À» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í APPC-based distrib- uted SNA ±¸Á¶¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ##SNA(System Network Architecture) --1974³â ¹ßÇ¥µÈ Àü·«ÀûÀÎ communication architecture ·Î½á communication network ¿¡¼ interconnection °ú resource sharing À» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. --SNA architecture rule sets 1.SNA end user:application program, I/O devices, terminal operators. SNA architecture ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, interconnection °ú resource sharing À» À§ÇÏ¿© SNA ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 2.The interface and relationship between SNA and logical network compo- nents. 3.The logical components required to interconnect and share resources among end users. 4.The operation sequences for controlling the configuration and operation of a network. --SNA architecture ´Â logical network component ·Î NAU(Network Addressable Uniits) ¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº end user °¡ ¼·Î access ¸¦ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï communi- cation port ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Network ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© data ¸¦ º¸³»´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Çϸç, ÇϳªÀÇ node ¿¡ º¹¼ö°³ °¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í,SNA network ¾È¿¡¼ unique ÇÑ network address ¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. (*end user ¿ÍÀÇ ´Ü¸» ⱸ,network¸¦ °ü¸®ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ Á¤º¸³ª Áö ·ÉÀ» ¼Û¼ö½Å ÇÏ´Â ±â´É) Network address;¸ðµç NAU µéÀÌ network ³»¿¡¼ Àڱ⸦ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ½Äº°ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ ¸ç SNA ¿¡¼´Â NAU ¿¡ network address ¶ó´Â ¹øÈ£¸¦ ºÎ¿© °ü¸®ÇÔ. net- work ³»·Î º¸³»´Â data ¿¡´Â ¼ö½ÅÀÎ/¹ß½ÅÀÎ ÀÇ NAU ¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â netwirk address¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Path control network ´Â ÀÌ ¼ö½ÅÀÎ network address ¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¸ñÀûÇÏ´Â Peripheral node ±îÁö Àü¼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Network address ´Â Subaddress ¿Í element address ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. VTAM/NCP ¿¡¼´Â °¢ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ½Äº°Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹øÈ£¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ. VTAM/NCP ´Â À̹øÈ£¸íÀ» network address ·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ°í, sub-address °£ÀÇ data ¼Û¼ö ½Å¿¡´Â Network address ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. i)Sub-address:routing table À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ƯÁ¤ subarea ¸¦ ½Äº°. peripheral node ÀÇ I/O ´Â sub-area node °¡ control. data ´Â °¢ sub-area node °£¿¡¼ Àü¼ÛÇÑµÚ peripheral node ·Î Àü¼Û. °¢ peripheral node ³ª Àû¿ë¾÷¹« program ÀÌ ¾î´À Sub-area node ¿¡ ¼Ó ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ sub-area address ·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÔ. ii)Element address:element routing table À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© sub-area ³»ÀÇ NAU ¸¦ ½Äº°. NAU ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¢ sub-area ³»¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÑ °í À¯addresss ¸¦ ¸»ÇÔ. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é,PU4/5 ¿¡¼ Ç×»ó pu´Â 0,sscp ´Â 1, lu ´Â 2,3 ÀÇ address. cf)BF(boundary function):element address¸¦ peripheral nodeÀÇ local address·Î º¯°æ. peripheral address ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ network address ·Î ´Ù ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê°í local address ·Î ´Ù·ç¾î Áö´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â network configura- tion ÀÇ º¯°æÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.(network reconfiguration À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ network address ÀÇ º¯°æ¿¡ ´ëÇØ peripheral node ´Â transparency ¸¦ °¡ Áü) BF ´Â Path control Network ÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, peripheral node ·Î Á¢¼ÓµÇ´Â sub-area node ´Â boundary function component ¸¦ °¡Á®¾ßÇÔ. Local address:Sub-area node ´Â network address ºÎÅÍ ÁÖº¯node ÀÇ È¸ ¼±, address, SDC address ¿Í ±× ÁÖº¯node ³»ÀÇ ¾î´À NAU ¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´ÂÁö¸¦ ã¾Æ³½´Ù. ±×¸®°í, sub-area node °¡ peripheral node ·Î Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â data ¿¡´Â local addresss ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. NAU ´Â 3 °¡Áö Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 1.SSCP(System Service Cntrol Point):Network resource ³ª session ÀÇ °ü¸®. 2.PU(Physical Uint):Node ³»ÀÇ resource »óȲÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ¿© SSCP ¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ±â ´ÉÀ¸·Î½á VTAM,NCP,´Ü¸»Á¦¾î ÀåÄ¡°¡ À̱â´ÉÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. 3.LU(Logical Uint): end user ¿ÍÀÇ Ã¢±¸¿ªÇÒ. --LUs ´Â end user °¡ SNA network resources ¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â logical port ÀÌ´Ù. PLU(Primary LU) ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº end user ¿¡°Ô resources ¸¦ allocate. ¿© ±â¼ resources ´Â machine processor cycle, real and virtual storage,DASDs(di- rect access storage devices), I/O devices,terminal and keyboard dis- plays,queues, database records, and sessions ..... --Session Àº µÎ°³ÀÇ NAU °£ÀÇ ÀϽÃÀûÀÌ°í, logical connection À¸·Î ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ±¸ ºÐµÈ´Ù. 1.LU-to-LU session:Network ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀθñÀûÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. user µéÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ µû¶ó µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸³µÈ´Ù. *** »ðÀÔÀÚ·á *** 2.SSCP-to-SSCP:´ÙÁß domain À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ SNA network ¿¡¼ LU °£ÀÇ cross-domain Åë½ÅÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¸ç ´Ù¾çÇÑ SSCP °£ÀÇ Á¦¾îÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù. 3.SSCP-to-PU:SSCP ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ domain ¿¡¼ °¢ pu µé°ú ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ session À» °¡Á®¾ß ¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ session Àº networkÀÌ ÃʱâÈ µÉ¶§ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸³µÈ´Ù. network °ü ¸®Àڴ ƯÁ¤ pu ¸¦ Àá½Ãµ¿¾È »ç¿ëºÒ°¡´É ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 4.SSCP-to-LU:SSCP ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ domain ¿¡¼ °¢ LU µé°ú ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ session À» °¡Á®¾ß ¸¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ session Àº network user °¡ lu ¸¦ access ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¼³¸³µÈ´Ù. network °ü¸®Àڴ ƯÁ¤sscp-to-lu session À» Á¾·á½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á LU ¸¦ Àá½Ãµ¿¾È »ç¿ë ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù. 5.PU-to-PU :¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀǵÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ , ÀÎÁ¢pu °£ÀÇ network information À» ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù. --PUs ´Â SNA ³»ÀÇ S/W base ÀÇ resource manager ÀÌ¸ç ´ÙÀ½À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù 1.ƯÁ¤À¯ÇüÀÇ device ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ service Á§°ø. 2.communication link ¿Í °°Àº physical resources ¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â service Á¦°ø 3.node diagnostic information À» »ý¼º 4.storage dump, activity trace information À» °¡Áü. 5.SNA node function ±¸ºÐÀ¸·Î 5,4,2.1,2.0, 1 ·Î ±¸ºÐ *PU5:SSCP S/W ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â host node. 3090,3080, 3030, 4300, 9370series *PU4:NCPS/W ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â CCU(Communication controller unit).3705,3725/3726,3720/3721. *PU2.0:PUCP(PU control point)¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â 3174,3274,3276 °°Àº Cluster Controller. ÀÌ node ´Â PU2.0 ³¢¸®´Â a single link ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í ÀÌ ¸µÅ©´Â µÎ°¡ÁöÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ µÉ¼öÀÖ´Ù. PUCP(Peripheral Unit control Point) -SDLC link:NCP °¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â PU4 ÀÇ downstream À¸·Î½á remote cluster controller ¿¡ ¿¬°á. -data channel:SSCP °¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â PU5 ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ºÙ´Â local cluster controller ¿¡ ¿¬ °á. *PU2.1:ÀÌ node ´Â NN(Network Node) ¶Ç´Â PN(Peripheral Node) °¡ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ node ´Â advanced cluster node ¶ó°íµµ Çϴµ¥ System36, S/38, 5520,8100,IBM PC, µî¿ì·Î PNCP(Peripheral Node Control Point) software ¸¦ Áö¿øÇϸç SSCP ÀÇ subset À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿© PU2.1 ÀÌ SNA session À» direct ·Î control ÇÑ´Ù. PNCP(Peripheral Node Control Point) *PU1:Pre-SNA device or TN(Terminal Node) Non-SNA link-level protocol À» Áö¿ø ,3271/3272 devices ¿¹)Asynchronous,BSC,SDLC --PU, LU ¿¡ ÀÌÀº ¼¼¹ø° NAU ÀÎ SSCP ´Â host ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â NAU ·Î½á network management ¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö¸ç, VTAM(Virtual Telecommunications Access Methed) ÀÇ subset ÀÌ´Ù. SSCP ´Â SNA domain ÀÇ controller ÀÌ´Ù. SNA ¿¡ ¼ÀÇ domain Àº Çϳª ÀÇ SSCP ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç LU,PU,links ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. --SNA ´Â functional layer ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢Àº Ưº°ÇÑ service ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â µ¥, layering ÀÇ °¡ÀåÅ« ÀÕÁ¡Àº functional moduality ÀÇ »ý¼ºÀ̸ç one layer ÀÇ º¯ È°¡ ´Ù¸¥ layer ¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í flexibility ¸¦ Áõ°¡ ½ÃÅ°°í logical ÇÏ°Ô ¼·Îµ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î design,implement, and invoke. 1.Physical Control:physically connect DTE to DCE. 2.Data link Control:logical link initialization, data transfer, link disconnc- tion. (SNA layer Áß °¡Àå ÇÏÀ§ÀÇ layer ·Î½á ƯÁ¤ physical link »óÀÇ µÎ node °£ ÀÇ data Àü¼ÛÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁø´Ù. ÀÌ layer ÀÇ °¡ÀåÁß¿äÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº ¾î¿¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Àü ¼Û¿¡·¯¸¦ ¸·¾ÆÁÖ°í º¹¿ø ½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â ¿ªÈ°ÀÌ´Ù) 3.Path Control:Network route selection,class of service,message segmenta- tion/blocking. (network »óÀÇ Çѳëµå¿¡¼ path »óÀÇ ¿· node ·Î data ¸¦ route Çϴ°Ͱú °ü°èÀÖ´Ù.) 4.Transmission Control:end-to-end connectivity,session activation/deactiva- tion,session pacing ( ÁøÇàÁßÀÎ session ÀÇ »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í , session ³»ÀÇ ÀÚ·á È帧ÀÇ pace ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇϸç, Àû´çÇÑ sequence ¿¡ º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀ» message ¸¦ ¸¸µç data ÀÇ unit ¸¦ º»´Ù.) 5.Data Flow Control:correlation of data exchange,flow synchronization during session. (µÎ NAU °£ÀÇ session ÀÌ ¼º¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È data flow ÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ º¸ Àü°ú °ü°è ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °ÍÀº send ¿Í receive ÀÇ mode ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, °ü°èµÈ message ÀÇ group À» °ü¸®Çϸç, »ç¿ëÇÒ reponse mode ÀÇ type À» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.) 6.Presentaion Services:format data for various presentation media,syntatic,se- mantic data representation. 7.Transaction services:end-user logical interface. --SNA functional layer ´Â Å©°Ô µÎ°¡Áö·Î ³ª´©¾î Áø´Ù. 1.NAUs:»óÀ§ 4°³ layer 2.path control network:ÇÏÀ§2°³ÀÇ layer --Layer µé°£ÀÇ communication ¿¡´Â 2 °¡Áö type À¸·Î ³ª´®. 1.Communication Between adjacent layers:ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ layer °£¿¡ ÀϾ´Â physical communication 2.Peer-to-peer Communication:µÎ communication node ¿¡¼ paired layer °£¿¡ ¹ß»ý ÇÏ´Â logical communication. --The construction of SNA message unit :SNA node ³»¿¡¼¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ layering À» °ÅÃļ SNA message unit °¡ ±¸¼ºµÇ¸ç ÀÌ ´Â highest operative layers ·Î ºÎÅÍ lower-layer protocol ÀÇ header °¡ Ãß°¡µÇ ¾î encapsulation µÈ´Ù. network ³»ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¢ node ¿¡¼µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î recognize, decapsulate, µîÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇà. --RU(Request/Response Unit) 1.end userÀÇ network control informationÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ SNA message unit. 2.PU5, 2.1, 2.0, 1 node ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ layer4-7 ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿¡¼ Á¶¸³µÈ field formatted binary data ·Î ±¸¼ºµÊ. --FMH(Fuction Management Header) 1.LU1,6.0 , 6.1, 6.2 ¿Í °°Àº ¾î¶² lu session type ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© layer 6 ´Â FMH ¸¦ ¸¸µé¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 2.multiple device LU ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© end user destination device ÀÇ selection °ú °° Àº precise instruction À̳ª compression,compaction, or output instruction °°Àº specific data operation À» ¼ö¼ÛÇÏ´Â(convey) session ³»¿¡¼, FMH ´Â control information À» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ mechanism ÀÌ´Ù. --RH(Respose/Request Header) 1.layer 4,5,6 ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù. 2.convey and enforces session-unique profiles and protocols. --TH(Transmission Header) 1.node routing ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© path control ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. 2.layer 3 ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. 3.VR(VIrtual Router) Transmission Priority(TP) definition base ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Class of Service(COS) level À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. --LH(Link Header),LT(Link Trailer) 1.layer 2 ´Â LH ·Î½á PIU ¸¦ encapsulate ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °á°ú°¡ BLU ÀÌ´Ù. 2.¸¸¾à BLU°¡ SDLC link ·Î traverse Çϸé, ÀÌ°ÍÀº SDLC frame À» define ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à layer 2 link protocol ÀÌ SDLC °¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é,(token ring) PIU ´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ layer 2 protocol header ¿Í trailer ·Î½á encapsulate µÈ´Ù. --Centralized SNA network evolution :SNA network ´Â ¾ÖÃÊ¿¡ simple, tree oriented, single-host, single-CCU ÀÇ È¯°æ À̾úÀ¸³ª major enhancement °¡ Á¦°ø. 1.host ³»¿¡ VTAM ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ·Î application °ú sub-system À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ °úµµÇÑ network overhead function °ú pre-SNA access method ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÕº´, Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿´ ´Ù. 2.CCU ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ NCP ÀÇ Á¤ÀǷμ pre-SNA ȯ°æ¿¡¼ ¾ø¾ú´ø S/W programmability ¸¦ Á¦°ø. 3.¾î´ÀÁ¤µµÀÇ device ¿Í protocol dependency ¸¦ elimination. :1976³â, IBM Àº VTAM °ú NCP ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ACF(Advanced Communication Function) À» ºôÇ¥. ÀÌ ACF/VTAM °ú ACF/NCP ´Â host ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â MSNF(Multisystems Networking Facility) ·Î½á, multi-host ¸¦ define, muti-CCU networks(multi-do- main network) ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Á¦°ø. :1979³â, SNA network connectivity ÀÇ extend. 1.remote NCP »Ó¸¸¾Æ´Ï°í, local NCP »çÀÌ¿¡¼µµ cross-domain link 2.Paralell links between adjacent NCPs 3.Logical consolidation( ÇÕº´ ) of adjacent-NCP links into Transmission Groups(TGs) 4.Multiple and alternate routing between end-point subarea nodes over Explicit Routes(ERs), Reverse Explicit Routes(RERs) and VRs(Virtual Routes) :1983³â, IBM ÀÌ SNI(SNA Interconnection) ¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ 1.cross-domain network ÀÇ logical extension À¸·Î end-user application program °ú devices °¡ distinct , separate SNA network ·Î ºÎÅÍ access ¸¦ ÇÒ¼öÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. 2.interconnected SNA ¿¡¼ °¢°¢Àº unique nameing, addressing, intenal network management procedure amd protocol À» °®´Â´Ù. 3.gateway NCP ´Â ¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ°³ÀÇ SNA ¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ°í, °¢ network À» À§ÇØ two sub-address ¸¦ °®°íÀÖÀ¸¸ç, gateway VTAM Àº ¾çÂÊ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. SNI ÀÇ Àü·«Àû ¸ñÀû°ú Àü¼úÀû ¸ñÀûÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. 1.strategic objective:ºÐ¸®µÈ network À» ¿¬°áÇÏ°í,°¢°¢Àº ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î unique global naming and addressing conventions¸¦ Áö¿ø,cross-network connectivity and transparent resoure sharing ¸¦ Á¦°ø. 2.tactical objective: Remove addressing constraints from large SNA networks. ÀÌ°ÍÀº SNI ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿¬°áµÈ sub-network ³»¿¡¼ network address ¸¦ ¸î°³ÀÇ fields ·Î ³ª´®À¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×´ç½Ã¿¡´Â 16-bit °¡ MAXSUBA ¶Ç´Â network ´ç ÃÖ´ë sub-area ¼ö ¿Í sub-area ´ç element address ¼ö ·Î ³ª´®. :1984³â, IBM Àº ENA(Extended Network Addressing) À» ¼Ò°³. 1.ENA ´Â single network address space ¸¦ ÃÖ´ë 255 sub-area ¿Í sub-area ´ç 32,000 element address ·Î ³ª´®. µû¶ó¼ single SNA network ´ç 8.35million element address ¸¦ Áö¿ø. 2.ENA ´Â larger SNA networks ¿¡¼ addressing constraints ¸¦ °æ°¨. 3.À̱Ⱓ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ SNA ±â´É. -Virtual storage constraint ÀÇ relief °¡ API ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ACF/VTAM °ú communication À» ÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© 31bit address ·Î½á 2GB ÀÇ virtual memoryÀ» »ç ¿ëÇÏ¿© MVS/XA(Multiple virtual storage/extended architecture)½ÇÇö. -Native Virtual Machine/Support(VMSP) SNA ¸¦ Áö¿ø, ÀÌ´Â VM/370 OS ÇÏ¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â application program Àº ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î SNA ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© communication. -31 dowmstream lines À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â model 3710 network concentrator °¡ ¹ßÇ¥ µÊ. -Asynchronous, 3270 BSC, CCITT X.25 ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â protocol converter °¡ ¹ß Ç¥µÊ. --APPC SNA:subarea node connectivity, routing and addressing ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, SNA network ´Â dummy ¿Í host-resident application ¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ̶ó ´Â °íÀüÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃÖÀûÈ µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. :application subsystem, VTAM,NCP buffer size,ERs ¿Í RERs VRs »óÀÇ Path control network routing ÀÇ dispatch algorithm, session-pacing technique À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸ðµç global design parameters µéÀÌ dumb device ¿Í host °£ÀÇ Áö¼Ó ÀûÀÎ ¿¬°á¿¡ ÃÐÁ¡ÀÌ ¸ÂÃß¾î Á³´Ù. :ÀÌ °íÀüÀûÀÎ networks ´Â nonhost,standalone, data processing subnetworks ¿¡ Á¦¶§¿¡ access ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϴ°ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¿À´Ã³¯, end-user environment ´Â pc ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ hostless ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¡Á¡ Ư¡À» °®°í ¹ßÀü. Áï, network ³»¿¡¼ dummy terminal elmuation device, standalone data processing machines, or file transfer nodes ·Î¼ dummy terminal ÀÌ ¹Ù²î°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸· µÎ°³ÀÇ small-system node ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ °íÀüÀûÀÎ SNA archit- encture design À» ¹«½ÃÇÏ¿´°í , :°íÀüÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¼Ó¿¡¼ distributes, small system À» Áö¿øÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ IBM ÀÇ Àü ·«ÀûÀÎ ´ëÀÀÀÌ sub-area network ÀÌ APPC ·Î ¹ßÀüÀÌ´Ù. :APPC ´Â SNA architecture ÀÇ distributed extension À¸·Î LU6.2 ÀÇ operation rule À» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. LU 6.2 ´Â SNA LUs ÀÇ program-to-program categoryÀÇ ¸â ¹ö·Î½á SNA architecture ÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¹ßÀü¹°ÀÌ´Ù. LU6.2 structures an API to port-distributed application transaction programs and enable program-to-program access and resource sharing. :APPC API ´Â ATPs ¿Í APPC °£ÀÇ structured protocol boundary ¸¦ define. LU 6.2 ´Â SNA layer 6,5,4, ÀÇ service ¸¦ invoke ÇÏ°í ATP ´Â SNA architecture »ó ¿¡¼´Â external ÀÌ´Ù. :ATPs ´Â API »ó¿¡¼ APPC ·Î verbs ¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ¸í·É¾î set ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© communication ÇÑ´Ù. verbs ´Â distributed ATPs communicate »ó¿¡¼ conversation À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â distributed processing programming statement ÀÌ´Ù. :conversation Àº LU 6.2 session ÀÇ serialized time slice segment ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î½á, interprogram communication À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© LU6.2 resources ·Î ½á ATPs(Application Transaction program) ¿¡°Ô Á¦°øµÈ´Ù. *conversation Àº ´ÜÁö peerATP °£¿¡ ÀνĵǾî Áø´Ù. *ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ APPC(LU6.2) °£ÀÇ session Àº SNA layer 6,5,4 ¸¦ invoke ÇÏ°í ATPs ¿¡°Ô conversation resources ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. lu 6.2 ´Â pu5 ¿Í pu2.1 ¿¡¼¸¸ Áö¿ø. *SNA path control network ´Â underlying SNA layer 3,2,1 connectivity Á¦°ø. :APPC ¿Í ATPs °£ÀÇ structured protocol boundary ·Î Á¤ÀǵǴ API ´Â 1)distributed interprogram environment ¿¡¼ÀÇ standard transaction protocol boundary ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. 2)underlying APPC session °ú parh control network ȯ°æÀÇ intricacies(µÚ¾ôÈû) ¿¡ ´ëÇØ proceed transparent ÇÑ interprogram communication À» Çã¿ë. 3)network ¹®Á¦·ÎºÎÅÍ application developer ¸¦ ºÐ¸®½ÃŲ´Ù. :APPC API ¿¡ pass µÈ verb statement ´Â ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. 1)Basic Conversation Verbs 2)Mapped conversation Verbs 3)Type-independent conversation Verbs 4)Control operator Verbs :Program °ú APPC »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸ðµç verbs °¡ Åë°úµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ´ÜÁö conversation verbs °¡ LU6.2 session »ó¿¡¼ lu °£¿¡ Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. 1)Basic Conversation:LU6.2 ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀÎ service ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â LU STPs(service transaction program) À» À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. LU STPs ´Â ´ÙÀ½À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. -SNADS:SNA distribution services -DIA:Document Interchange Architecture -CNOS:Change number of services model -Resync Mode:Resynchronization ¶ÇÇÑ, LU STPs ´Â end-user ATPS ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡·Î protocol boundary ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é basic conversation verbs ´Â Mapped conversation verbsÀÇ ÁøÇàÁß ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³°¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.(can be issued). basic conversation verbs ¿Í °¢°¢ÀÇ ±â´É ALLOCATE:logical ÇÏ°Ô µÎ°³ÀÇ TP À» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â conversation À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í, allocate ÇÑ´Ù. CONFIRM:local ¿¡¼ remote TP ·Î confirmation request ¸¦ º¸³¿. À̶§ lcoal TP ´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ TP ÀÇ sync ¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÀ´äÀ» ±â´Ù¸². CONFIRMED:confirm verb ¸¦ º¸³½ TP ¿¡°Ô confirmation reply ¸¦ º¸³¿. ÀÌ°ÍÀº local ¶Ç´Â remote TP execution ÀÇ synchronizationÀ» À§ÇØ º¸³¿. DEALLOCATE:TP ·Î ºÎÅÍ conversation À» ³¡³»°í , ¶Ç´Â deallocate FLUSH:local lu ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ðµç buffered data ¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. GET-ATTRIBUTES:local and remote lu name °ú conversation synchronization °ú °° Àº conversation-specific information À» return ÇÑ´Ù. POST-ON-RECEIPT:data, conversation status, request for confirmation or sync point processing °ú °°Àº information ÀÌ receive ÇÒ TP ¸¦ À§ÇÑavailable ÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ conversation ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¿äû. PREPARE-TO-RECEIVE: data ¸¦ ¹ÞÀº TP ¸¦ ÁغñÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© send ¿¡¼ protocol ÀÇ receive states ±îÁöÀÇ conversation À» change,underlying LU ses- conversation sion(SNA layer 5 ÀÇ data flow control) Àº half-duplex flip-flop À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. RECEIVE-AND-WAIT:conversation ÀÌ µµÂøÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î information À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. RECEIVE-IMMEDIATE:ƯÁ¤ conversation¿¡ available ÇÑ ¾î¶² information À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ available ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ÀÌ verb ´Â information ÀÌ µµÂøÇϱ⸦ ±â´Ù ¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. REQUEST-TO-SEND:local TP ´Â remote TP ¿¡ °Ô local ÀÌ send state ÀÇ conversa- tion ¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â¸¦ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. SEND-DATA:local ¿¡¼ remote TP ¿¡°Ô data ¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. data formatÀº GDS(general data strea) ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ lu6.2 data stream ÇÏ¿¡ ¼ logical records ¿¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. GDS logical record ´Â length field(2byte) ¿Í data field(0 - 32765 byte)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ. SEND-ERROR:local ¿¡¼ remote TP ·Î detect-error notification À» º¸³¿. TEST:local lu ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ¹ÞÀº conversation ÀÌ posted Àΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é, "RE- QUEST-TO-SEND" Àΰ¡ test.- 2.Mapped conversation:ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â TP ´Â basic conversation º¸´Ù GDS-defined data stream ÀÇ format ¿¡ ¸Â°Ô conversation »ó¿¡ º¸³»Áø data ´Â È®ÀÎÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø À¸¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÇϱⰡ ½±´Ù. Ưº°È÷ mapped conversation »ó¿¡¼ º¸³»Áø TP ´Â GDS logical length field ·Î¼ prefix data °¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø°í send state ¸¦ µÎ°í º¸³»´Â logical record µµ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÒÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. 1.µÎ°³ÀÇATPs °£ÀÇ conversation À» Áö¿øÇϱâÀ§ÇØ design µÇ¾ú°í ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î basic conversation verbs ·Î½á µ¿ÀÏÇÑ set of verbs ÀÌ´Ù. syntax ·Î¼´Â mapped conversation verbs ´Â prefix "MC" ·Î ½ÃÀÛ. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ basic conversation ´Â "ALLOCATE" ¿Í "DEALLOCATE" ¿Í "MC-DEALLOCATE" ÀÇ verbs ·Î¼ Á¦ÇÑ. 2.Ưº°È÷ ÀÌ mapped verbs ´Â higher-level-language ·Î ¾º¾îÁø application program ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ verbs ´Â data mapping À» Áö¿øÇϸç GDS mapping °ú application ¿¡ Åõ¸íÇÑ logical record format À» À§ÇÑ ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À» ¸¸ µç´Ù. 3.Type-independent Verbs: Basic °ú mapped conversation À» µÑ´Ù Áö¿øÇÏ°í Syncpoint ¿Í Backout processing À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. 4.Control operator verbs ´Â control operator transaction program µéÀÌ -local lu ¿Í pu resources ÀÇ define -lu6.2 session ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ -CNOS °°Àº modification sequence ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© session À» control À§ÀÇ 3 °¡Áö ¸¦ ÇϱâÀ§ÇÏ¿© structured protocol boundary ¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. -APPC API ¸¦ °æÀ¯ÇÏ¿© 3°³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä verbs °¡ ÀÖ´Ù. -APPC ´Â 9 °³ÀÇ conversation verbs ÀÇ base set À» Áö¿ø, °¢ lu6.2 ´Â ±× base set À» Áö¿øÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ lu6.2 ´Â unique ÇÑ product implementation À» À§ÇÏ¿© ¸î°¡Áö option set µµ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. -APPC ´Â session Áß¿¡ Base set °ú indentical option sets µÑ´Ù Áö¿øÇÒ¶§¸¸ peer lu verb option-set communication À» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Revision History Created on Oct 22 ,1993