1992.10.27 SUBJECT: Network Layer = Internetwork Protocol(IP) MEANING OF THIS MEMO: TCP/IPÀÇ network layer¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. DESCRIPTION: * internetwork¶õ networkµéÀÌ ¿©·µ ¿¬°áµÇ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù. Áï networÀÇ networkÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ layer´Â internetwork³»¿¡¼ packetµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ±³È¯µÇ°í routeµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. Áï network»óÀÇ nodeµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô internet address·Î ÁÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ°í ¶Ç ¾î¶»°Ô À̵é internet address°¡ physical addressÀÎ ethernet address·Î º¯È¯µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. * ÀÌ layer´Â flow control ¶Ç´Â sequencing ¾ø´Â system°£¿¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.(?) Àü´ÞµÇ´Â Á¤º¸¶õ gateway¸¦ Çѹø¾¿ Åë°úÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â "time to live"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© Á¢¼ö, ¹ß¼ÛÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. * ÀÌ layer¸¦ Sun Networking Model¿¡¼± IP layer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ARP´Â routingÀ» Á¦¾îÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. * packet Àü¼Û½Ã network layerÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ: - machine atom(internet address 192.9.10.105)ÀÌ machine sparc(internet address 192.9.10.101)¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù¸é, atomÀÇ network layer´Â µÎ machineÀÇ internet address¸¦ È®ÀÎ, atom°ú sparcÀÌ 192.9.10À̶ó´Â µ¿ÀÏ network¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. - ¸¸¾à °°Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é route tableÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¿©±â µî·ÏµÇ ÀÖ´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ gateway¸¦ ÅëÇØ destination network·Î packetÀ» º¸³½´Ù. destination IP addressÀÇ networkÀÌ source network°ú °°ÀºÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÀÌ layer¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð Áß°£ÀÇ gateway ¿ª½Ã IP address±îÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ¹â´Â´Ù. Áï gatewayµµ network layer±îÁö packetÀ» encapsulationÇÏ¿© routingÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. - machine atomÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ arp table¿¡ machine sparcÀÇ physical address¸¦ ¹Ì¸® °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é local network»óÀÇ ¸ðµç system¿¡ sparcÀÇ internet address¸¦ °¡Áø packetÀ» broadcastÇÏ°í machine sparc°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ethernet address¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ±æ ±â´Ù¸®´Ù ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸é atom ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ arp table¿¡ À̸¦ µî·ÏÇÑ´Ù. - ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ data°¡ machine sparc·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù. °á±¹ "arp´Â internet address(IP address)¸¦ ethernet address·Î mappingÇØ ÁÖ´Â °Í" À̶ó°í (rarp¿Í ´ëºñÇÏ¿©) ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. * "arp" command¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. % arp -a (óÀ½ booting½Ã) % ping sparc % arp -a (sparc¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ addµÇ ÀÖÀ½) sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85 * rarp RARP´Â machineÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ethernet address¸¦ broadcastÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ internet address¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ´Â server·Î ºÎÅÍ diskless client¸¦ bootingÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â mechanismÀÌ´Ù. * "arp" commandÀÇ ¿ë¹ý 1) arp table ³»¿ëÀ» º¸·Á¸é: # arp -a 2) arp tableÀÇ entry¸¦ Áö¿ì´Â °æ¿ì: # arp -d sparc sparc(192.9.10.10) deleted 3) arp tableÀÇ entry¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °æ¿ì: # arp -a sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85 # arp -s sparc 8:0:20:8:a:11 (´Ù¸¥ systemÀÇ ethernet address) # arp -a sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:11 permanant # arp -s sparc 8:0:20:8:a:85 # arp -a sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85 permanent * "etherfind" commandÀÇ ¿ë¹ý etherfind·Î ethernet»óÀÇ È°µ¿µéÀ» monitorÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸°íÀÚÇÏ´Â Åë°è¸¦ optionÀ¸·Î Áö½ÃÇϸé packetÀÇ header¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ¿© outputÀ» º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. # etherfind -arp Using interface le0 icmp type lnth proto source destination src port dst port 60 arp 192.9.10.212 jamsil 60 arp jamsil 192.9.10.212 60 arp 192.9.10.210 jamsil 60 arp jamsil 192.9.10.210 42 arp atom choi (´Ù¸¥ window¿¡¼ ping choi¸¦ 42 arp atom choi ¼öÇà ÇÏ¸é¼ ³ªÅ¸³²) 42 arp atom choi Revision History Created on Nov. 18 ,1992