1992.10.27
SUBJECT: Network Layer = Internetwork Protocol(IP)
MEANING OF THIS MEMO:
TCP/IPÀÇ network layer¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
DESCRIPTION:
* internetwork¶õ networkµéÀÌ ¿©·µ ¿¬°áµÇ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù.
Áï networÀÇ networkÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ layer´Â internetwork³»¿¡¼ packetµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ±³È¯µÇ°í routeµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
Áï network»óÀÇ nodeµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô internet address·Î ÁÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ°í ¶Ç ¾î¶»°Ô À̵é
internet address°¡ physical addressÀÎ ethernet address·Î º¯È¯µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
* ÀÌ layer´Â flow control ¶Ç´Â sequencing ¾ø´Â system°£¿¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.(?)
Àü´ÞµÇ´Â Á¤º¸¶õ gateway¸¦ Çѹø¾¿ Åë°úÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â "time to live"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©
Á¢¼ö, ¹ß¼ÛÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
* ÀÌ layer¸¦ Sun Networking Model¿¡¼± IP layer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
ARP´Â routingÀ» Á¦¾îÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
* packet Àü¼Û½Ã network layerÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ:
- machine atom(internet address 192.9.10.105)ÀÌ
machine sparc(internet address 192.9.10.101)¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù¸é,
atomÀÇ network layer´Â µÎ machineÀÇ internet address¸¦ È®ÀÎ,
atom°ú sparcÀÌ 192.9.10À̶ó´Â µ¿ÀÏ network¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù.
- ¸¸¾à °°Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é route tableÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¿©±â µî·ÏµÇ ÀÖ´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ gateway¸¦ ÅëÇØ
destination network·Î packetÀ» º¸³½´Ù.
destination IP addressÀÇ networkÀÌ source network°ú °°ÀºÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦
ÀÌ layer¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹°·Ð Áß°£ÀÇ gateway ¿ª½Ã IP address±îÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ¹â´Â´Ù.
Áï gatewayµµ network layer±îÁö packetÀ» encapsulationÇÏ¿© routingÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
- machine atomÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ arp table¿¡ machine sparcÀÇ physical address¸¦
¹Ì¸® °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é local network»óÀÇ ¸ðµç system¿¡ sparcÀÇ
internet address¸¦ °¡Áø packetÀ» broadcastÇϰí
machine sparc°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ethernet address¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ±æ ±â´Ù¸®´Ù ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸é
atom ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ arp table¿¡ À̸¦ µî·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
- ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ data°¡ machine sparc·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù.
°á±¹ "arp´Â internet address(IP address)¸¦ ethernet address·Î mappingÇØ ÁÖ´Â °Í"
À̶ó°í (rarp¿Í ´ëºñÇÏ¿©) ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
* "arp" command¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
% arp -a (óÀ½ booting½Ã)
% ping sparc
% arp -a (sparc¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ addµÇ ÀÖÀ½)
sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85
* rarp
RARP´Â machineÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ethernet address¸¦ broadcastÇÏ¿©
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ internet address¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â server·Î ºÎÅÍ diskless client¸¦ bootingÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â mechanismÀÌ´Ù.
* "arp" commandÀÇ ¿ë¹ý
1) arp table ³»¿ëÀ» º¸·Á¸é:
# arp -a
2) arp tableÀÇ entry¸¦ Áö¿ì´Â °æ¿ì:
# arp -d sparc
sparc(192.9.10.10) deleted
3) arp tableÀÇ entry¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °æ¿ì:
# arp -a
sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85
# arp -s sparc 8:0:20:8:a:11 (´Ù¸¥ systemÀÇ ethernet address)
# arp -a
sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:11 permanant
# arp -s sparc 8:0:20:8:a:85
# arp -a
sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85 permanent
* "etherfind" commandÀÇ ¿ë¹ý
etherfind·Î ethernet»óÀÇ È°µ¿µéÀ» monitorÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
º¸°íÀÚÇÏ´Â Åë°è¸¦ optionÀ¸·Î Áö½ÃÇϸé
packetÀÇ header¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ¿© outputÀ» º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù.
# etherfind -arp
Using interface le0
icmp type
lnth proto source destination src port dst port
60 arp 192.9.10.212 jamsil
60 arp jamsil 192.9.10.212
60 arp 192.9.10.210 jamsil
60 arp jamsil 192.9.10.210
42 arp atom choi (´Ù¸¥ window¿¡¼ ping choi¸¦
42 arp atom choi ¼öÇà ÇÏ¸é¼ ³ªÅ¸³²)
42 arp atom choi
Revision History
Created on Nov. 18 ,1992