1992.10.27

SUBJECT: Network Layer = Internetwork Protocol(IP)

MEANING OF THIS MEMO:
TCP/IPÀÇ network layer¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

DESCRIPTION:
* internetwork¶õ networkµéÀÌ ¿©·µ ¿¬°áµÇ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù.
  Áï networÀÇ networkÀÌ´Ù.
  ÀÌ layer´Â internetwork³»¿¡¼­ packetµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ±³È¯µÇ°í routeµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
  Áï network»óÀÇ nodeµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô internet address·Î ÁÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ°í ¶Ç ¾î¶»°Ô À̵é
  internet address°¡ physical addressÀÎ ethernet address·Î º¯È¯µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
* ÀÌ layer´Â flow control ¶Ç´Â sequencing ¾ø´Â system°£¿¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.(?)
  Àü´ÞµÇ´Â Á¤º¸¶õ gateway¸¦ Çѹø¾¿ Åë°úÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â "time to live"¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©
  Á¢¼ö, ¹ß¼ÛÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
* ÀÌ layer¸¦ Sun Networking Model¿¡¼± IP layer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
  ARP´Â routingÀ» Á¦¾îÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
* packet Àü¼Û½Ã  network layerÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ:
  - machine atom(internet address 192.9.10.105)ÀÌ
    machine sparc(internet address 192.9.10.101)¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù¸é,
    atomÀÇ network layer´Â µÎ machineÀÇ internet address¸¦ È®ÀÎ,
    atom°ú sparcÀÌ 192.9.10À̶ó´Â µ¿ÀÏ network¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù.
  - ¸¸¾à °°Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é route tableÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¿©±â µî·ÏµÇ ÀÖ´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ gateway¸¦ ÅëÇØ
    destination network·Î packetÀ» º¸³½´Ù.
    destination IP addressÀÇ networkÀÌ source network°ú °°ÀºÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ 
    ÀÌ layer¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
    ¹°·Ð Áß°£ÀÇ gateway ¿ª½Ã IP address±îÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ¹â´Â´Ù.
    Áï gatewayµµ network layer±îÁö packetÀ» encapsulationÇÏ¿© routingÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  - machine atomÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ arp table¿¡ machine sparcÀÇ physical address¸¦ 
    ¹Ì¸® °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é local network»óÀÇ ¸ðµç system¿¡ sparcÀÇ
    internet address¸¦ °¡Áø packetÀ» broadcastÇÏ°í
    machine sparc°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ethernet address¸¦ º¸³»ÁÖ±æ ±â´Ù¸®´Ù ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸é
    atom ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ arp table¿¡ À̸¦ µî·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
  - ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ data°¡ machine sparc·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù.
    °á±¹ "arp´Â internet address(IP address)¸¦ ethernet address·Î mappingÇØ ÁÖ´Â °Í"
    À̶ó°í (rarp¿Í ´ëºñÇÏ¿©) ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
* "arp" command¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
   % arp -a (óÀ½ booting½Ã)
   % ping sparc
   % arp -a (sparc¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ addµÇ ÀÖÀ½)
     sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85
* rarp
  RARP´Â machineÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ethernet address¸¦ broadcastÇÏ¿©
  ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ internet address¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. 
  ÀÌ´Â server·Î ºÎÅÍ diskless client¸¦ bootingÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â mechanismÀÌ´Ù.
* "arp" commandÀÇ ¿ë¹ý
  1) arp table ³»¿ëÀ» º¸·Á¸é:
       # arp -a
  2) arp tableÀÇ entry¸¦ Áö¿ì´Â °æ¿ì: 
       # arp -d sparc
       sparc(192.9.10.10) deleted
  3) arp tableÀÇ entry¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °æ¿ì:
       # arp -a
         sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85
       # arp -s sparc 8:0:20:8:a:11 (´Ù¸¥ systemÀÇ ethernet address)
       # arp -a
         sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:11 permanant
       # arp -s sparc 8:0:20:8:a:85
       # arp -a
         sparc (192.9.10.101) at 8:0:20:8:a:85 permanent

* "etherfind" commandÀÇ ¿ë¹ý
  etherfind·Î ethernet»óÀÇ È°µ¿µéÀ» monitorÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
  º¸°íÀÚÇÏ´Â Åë°è¸¦ optionÀ¸·Î Áö½ÃÇϸé
  packetÀÇ header¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ¿© outputÀ» º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù.
       # etherfind -arp
       Using interface le0
                                                   icmp type
        lnth proto         source     destination   src port   dst port
          60  arp    192.9.10.212          jamsil
          60  arp          jamsil    192.9.10.212
          60  arp    192.9.10.210          jamsil
          60  arp          jamsil    192.9.10.210
          42  arp            atom            choi (´Ù¸¥ window¿¡¼­ ping choi¸¦
          42  arp            atom            choi  ¼öÇà Çϸ鼭 ³ªÅ¸³²)
          42  arp            atom            choi


                                    
Revision History
Created        on Nov. 18 ,1992