1992.12.22 SUBJECT: Workload Management(½Ã½ºÅÛ Performance Management) STATUS OF THIS MEMO: System Performance Tuning°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ WORKLOAD¸¦ Management ÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ utility¸¦ Á¤¸®ÇÑ °ÍÀÓ CONTENTS: 1. Changing a Job's Priority 1) BSD C Shell nice 2) Changing a job's priority BSD UNIX 3) The at command 4) System V.4 Batch Queues 2. Shell Time Limits 3. CPU Capacity 1) What the basic kernel tables are 2) Configuration Parameters for Kernel Tables DESCRIPTION: 1. Changing a Job's Priority 1) BSD C Shell nice - BSD UNIXÇÏ¿¡¼ nice command¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë -20¿¡¼ 20±îÁöÀÇ nice number¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ¿© priority¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç -20Àº the highest priority, 20Àº lowestÀ̸ç, default´Â 0 ÀÌ´Ù % nice +/-n command ¿©±â¼ nÀº 0-20»çÀÌÀÇ integer 2) Changing a job's priority BSD UNIX - ¾î¶² jobÀÌ Çѹø runningµÈÈÄ ±×jobÀÇ priority¸¦ ¼öÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ renice¶ó´Â command ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä % /etc/renice priority -p pid % /etc/renice priority -g pgrp % /etc/renice priority -u uname ( pid : processÀÇ ID number pgrp : process group number uname : user name ) 3) The at command % at options time script_file % at options time Command 1 Command 2 ... CTRL-D %atq : batch jobÀÇ status¸¦ report %atrm 4) System V.4 Batch Queues % batch Command 1 Command 2 CTRL-D % batch script_file 2. Shell Time Limits % limit cputime unlimited filesize unlimited datasize 524280 kbytes stacksize 8192 kbytes coredumpsize unlimited memoryuse unlimited descriptors 64 % limit -h cputime time ( -h optionÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é soft limit, ÀÖÀ¸¸é hard limit) - hoursh limit in hours - minutesm ,, minutes - seconds ,, seconds (default) - minutes:seconds ,, minutes & seconds % limit cputime 200m % unlimit removes limits 3. CPU Capacity 1) What the basic kernel tables are - Process table : Process tableÀÇ size´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ runÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â process ÀÇ total¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÇÑ - Text table : Çѹø¿¡ activeµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Â text segmentÀÇ ¼ö - Region table : System V¿¡¼ Text table´ë½Å »ç¿ë - Inode table : cache of active inode entries - File table : Çѹø¿¡ openÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â total file¼ö - Callout table : Çѹø¿¡ activeÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â timerÀÇ ¼ö timer´Â I/O device°¡ respondingÀ» ÇÒ°ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â device driverµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¸ç, Callout table¿¡ overflow°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸé "Timeout table overflow"¶ó´Â message ¹ß»ý - Character list(clist) table buffer terminal I/O¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â character¼ö - Processes per user : ¾î¶² »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÇÒ´çµÈ processÀÇ total¼ö - Files per process : ¾î¶² process°¡ Çѹø¿¡ openÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â fileÀÇ ¼ö - Mounted filesystems : any time¿¡ mountÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â filesystemÀÇ ¼ö 2) Configuration Parameters for Kernel Tables - /sys/sun4c /sys/sys directory ÂüÁ¶ Table V.2 Name V.3&V.4 Name BSD Variable BSD default ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Process PROCS NPROC nproc 20+8*maxusers Text TEXTS ntext 36+maxusers Region REGIONS NREGION(V.3) Inode INODES NINODE ninode nproc+80+13*maxusers BSD Inode UFSINODE(V.4) File FILES NFILE(V.3) nfile 16*(nproc+16+maxusers) /10+64 Callout CALLS NCALL ncallout 16+nproc Character list CLISTS NCLIST nclist 60+12*maxusers Quota table NDQUOT(V.4) ndquot ninode+(maxusers* nmount)/4 Processes per user MAXPROC MAXUP MAXUPROC 25 Files per process NOFILES(V.3) NOFILE 256 Mounted filesystems MOUNTS NMOUNT(V.3) NMOUNT 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Revision History Created on Dec 22 ,1992