Axil S/E-ljs055 1993.1.4 Lee Jin-Soo SUBJECT: X25 ±âº» Á¤¸® < X . 2 5 °³ ¿ä > * Layer ±¸¼º 1. Physical Layer : x21 bit°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ °¡ÀåÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â physical interface technique ¸ç sunlink X.25¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¿øµÊ 2. Frame Level : ÀÌ ÃþÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀº Link Access Procedures LAP ȤÀº LAPB°¡ DTE¿Í DCE»çÀÌÀÇ date ±³È¯À» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁöµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÈçÈ÷ X.25´Â LAPB¸¦ »ç¿ë. LAPB´Â HDLCÀÇ subsetÀÌ´Ù. 3. Packet Level : DTE (data Terminal Equipment)»çÀÌÀÇ Virtual circuit°³³äÀ» µµÀÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í DTEÀÇ addressingÀ» Áö¿øÇÔ. PSDNÀº SVC (Switched Virtual Circuit)°ú PVC (Permanant Virtual Circuit)¸¦ Áö¿ø. SVC´Â µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý±â¸ç Æı«µÈ´Ù. PVC´Â ÇϳªÀÇ DTE°¡ ÀÚ±âÀÇ linkÀ» network (DCE)¿¡ ¿¬°áµÉ¶§ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý±ä´Ù. * Sunlink X.25 µµÀÔ sunlink X.25´Â sun workstationÀÌ PSDN(Packet-Switching Data Networks)»ó¿¡¼ DTE°¡ µÇµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù. X.25´Â CCITT X.29¿Í X.3¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ°í installÈÄ¿¡´Â ±× workstationÀº X.25 gateway°¡ µÊ (TCP/IP»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â°èµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ) Sunlink X.25´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »ç¿ëÀ» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 1. X.25 Packet Service : PSDNÀ» ÅëÇØ application protocolÀ» ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇϳªÀÇ packet service ·Î¼ X.25»ç¿ë 2. Internetwork Routing : Internet ProtocolȤÀº OSI Network Layer PacketµéÀ» À§ÇØ ÇϳªÀÇ transparent datagram service·Î¼ X.25»ç¿ë 3. HDLC Service : ÀÌ HDLC service´Â Ç¥ÁØ sunos programÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í device driver interfaceȤÀº programmatic interface¸¦ ÅëÇØ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ levelÀº error°ËÃâ ±â´É Á¦°ø (¼öÁ¤ºÒ°¡) 4. X.29/X.3 Virtual Terminal service : X.25´Â user¿Í server±â´ÉÀ» °®´Â X.29/X.3 facility¸¦ Á¦°ø user±â´É¸é¿¡¼ X.29/X.3´Â sun workstaton user°¡ PSDNÀ» ÅëÇØ ÇϳªÀÇ terminal·Î¼ remote host¿¡ login°¡´ÉÄÉÇÔ. À̱â´ÉÀº workstationÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ PAD(Packet assembly/disassembly ·Î¼ ÀÛ¿ëÇϸç,local virtual terminalÀÇ ¹®ÀÚÇ¥½Ã ¿ä±¸¿Í remote hosts's application¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù. server±â´ÉÀ¸·Î¼ X.29/X.3Àº sun workstationÀÌ packet-mode host·Î¼ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ°í PSDN»ó¿¡¼ remote ¹®ÀÚ Ç¥½Ã terminal°úÀÇ sessionµéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. * Serial Port¿Í Modem ¿ä±¸»çÇ×µé X.25´Â synchronous modem°ú cableÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. maximun data rates´Â cpu port»ó¿¡¼ X.25´Â 19.2kbits/sec ÃÖ´ë data rate Áö¿ø MCPȤÀº SCP port»ó¿¡¼ 64kbits/sec ÃÖ´ë data rate Áö¿ø * X.29/X.3 Server ±â´É /etc/sunlink/x25/x29-auth ¼öÁ¤ ´ë¹®ÀÚ -> Àüü ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ -> ƯÁ¤ÇÑ userµéÀÇ ¼³Á¤ # x29 server½ÇÇà * X.29/X.3 user±â´É pad¸¦ invokeÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¸ÕÀú local terminal typeÀ» °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. # set | grep term term sun or term vt100 * HDLC(High level Data Link Control)service¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ifd device¸¦ installÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * XVC interface´Â IRÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÊ * install Áõ¸íÀ» À§ÇØ »õ·Î¿î x25 kernal·Î ºÎÆÃÈÄ # netstat -i -a * 3 level 1. physical level 2. HDLC level (frame layer) 3. packet level * x25config --> sunlink X.25 linkfmf ½ÃÀÛ½ÃÅ´. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ parameter settingµéÀ» X.25 3´Ü°è level·Î Àû¿ë½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ±× fileÀ» x25params x25paramsn (n -> link¼ö) * packet level¿¡¼ host-address 4042-3831-00 4042 -> DNIC(Data Network Identification Code) 3831 -> NTN(Netork Terminal Numbers) 00 -> Subaddress * x25route -a --> ¿°ÅµÈ route add -r --> ¿°ÅµÈ route remove -s --> show all routes -d --> PSDN À» µ¿ÀϽà ÇÏ´Â DNIC¸¦ °¡¸®Å´ Route DNIC 2345 over link 0 Route DNIC 8344 over link 1 # x25route -a -d2345 -l0 * x25start´Â serial port¸¦ ÃʱâȽÃÅ°°í protocol moduleµéÀÇ ÃþÀ» ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù. link number serial port driver zss0 data rate zss0 , zss1 --> serial port MCP port¸¦ À§ÇØ mcphn n -> 0-15 SCP port´Â dcpxn x -> a-d n -> 0-3 # /usr/sunlink/x25/x25start 0 mcph3 56000 --> # syncinit mcph3 56000 # iflayer xpkt0 hdlc0 mcph3 * x25config /usr/sunlink/x25/x25config [-on|off] [-a] [-l linkid] config file -a : x25config°¡ sunlink X.25°¡ packet service¸¦ network¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â È®ÀÎÀ» ±â´Ù¸²¾øÀÌ exitÇϴ°ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿ -llinkid : -on,-off ¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¿ë ¿¹) link2¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ( -a option°ú ÇÔ²²) ÀÌ link¿¡ °ü°èµÈ ±¸¼º fileÀ» /etc/sunlink/x25/x25params2ÀÓ # x25config -a /etc/sunlink/x25/x25params2 * pad¸í·ÉÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ÇüÅ´ # pad options serveraddress ¿¹) remote host address°¡ 476507206100¿¡ ¿¬°á½Ã # pad -r 476507206100 pad´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅ´ profileÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. # pad surya surya´Â /etc/sunlink/x25/x29profile¿¡ µî·ÏµÇÀÖ´Ù ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÇ local terminal typeÀÌ sunÀ̸é remote prompt¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À̼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. remotehost# set term=sun # tset À§¿Í °°Àº ¸í·ÉµéÀº X.29 protocolÀÌ terminal type°ú remote host·Î Çà¼ö¸¦ Á¦°øÄ¡ ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. * IR ±¸¼º X.25´Â x25enable, x25disable ·Î¼ virtual circuits¸¦ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ¹ö¸°´Ù. X.25´Â XVC interface¸¦ ÅëÇØ virtual circuitÀÇ IRÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. X.25¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â routing gateway´Â Àû¾îµµ ÇϳªÀÇ Ethernet interface¿Í °¢°¢ÀÇ X.25 link¸¦ À§ÇÑ XVC interface¸¦ °¡Áü * network address ÇÒ´ç X.25 virtual circuit¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 2°³ÀÇ network ¿¬°á¿¹ Birmingham Framingham 192.9.203.1 bozo 192.9.201.1 frodo (x25 gateway) 192.9.203.2 bilbo(x25 gateway) 192.9.201.2 freddy ÀÇ network number´Â 192.9.203 ÀÇ network number´Â 192.9.201 ÇÕº´µÈ host file 192.9.203.1 bozo 192.9.203.2 bilbo 192.9.201.1 frodo 192.9.201.2 freddy 192.9.202.1 bilbo-x25a 192.9.202.2 frodo-x25a /etc/network bilbo¿Í frodoÀ» À§ÇÑ Birmingham 192.9.201 Framingham 192.9.203 bilbo-frodo 192.9.202 * Routing Table /etc/in.routed¿¡ ÀÇÇØ routing tableÀÌ °ü¸®µÊ netstat -r ·Î routing tableÈ®ÀÎ . frodo·Î route¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ bilbo»ó¿¡¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ route ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. bilbo# /usr/etc/route add bilbo-x25a bilbo-x25a 1 bilbo# /usr/etc/route add frodo-x25a bilbo-x25a 1 . ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì frodo# /usr/etc/route add frodo-x25a frodo-x25a 1 frodo# /usr/etc/route add bilbo-x25a frodo-x25a 1 * x25manager setup x25manager´Â IRÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â X.25 virtual circuitÀ» °ü¸®ÇÔ configuration file´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº 3°¡Áö sectionÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. 1. Listener Section listener´Â Call Request Packet¾È¿¡¼ Ưº°ÇÑ protocol ID¸¦ °¡Áø incoming callµéÀ» À§ÇØ listenÇÏ´Â entityÀÌ´Ù. 2. path section ¿©±â¼´Â XVC interface¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÔ. typeÀº incoming calls°úÀÇ interface¸¦ ¸ÂÃß±âÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. sunÀº IP¸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù. 3. shell command section sectionÀº iflayer¿Í ifconfig ¸í·É¾î¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº X.25 linkµéÀ» ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù. * x25manager starting x25manager´Â ÃÖ°í 16kbytes data·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±× ¾çÀÌ ÃÊ°úµÇ¸é ³ª¸ÓÁö ÃÊ°úºÐÀº ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù. IP´Â º¹±¸±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. # x25manager x25manager.configuration & * Remote host Á¦¾î¸í·É x25disable x25enable ÀÌ ¸í·ÉµéÀº ethernet connection°ú X.25ȸ¼±¿¡¼ ÀÛ¿ëµÊ. host¿¡ ¿¬°áÀÌ virtualȸ¼±ÀÏ °æ¿ì ±× ¿¬°áÀº disable½ÃÅ°±âÀ§Çؼ± x25disable¸í·É»ç¿ë. ´Ù½Ã Àç ¿¬°áÇÒ °æ¿ì ¹Ýµå½Ã x25manager·Î reinvokeÇؾßÇÔ. x25enableÀº remote machine»óÀÇ XVC interface¸¦ # x25enable bilbo 0 0 -> XVC0 remote host bilboÀÇ XVC0 interface¸¦ °¡´ÉÄÉÇÒ °æ¿ì * HDLC service ±¸¼º ¹× ¼öÇà ifd device¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. # cat /dev/null > /dev/ifd0 # iflayer ifd0 hdlc0 zss0 --> ifd device¸¦ hdlc¿Í serial port·Î ÃþÀ» ³ª´® ´ç½Å ±â°èÀÇ HDLC parameter¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ hdlcconf ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. # hdlcconf /dev/ifd0 * Serial port ÃʱâÈ syncinitÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Serial port¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù. # syncinit mcph2 9600 -> MCP board 3¹ø° port¸¦ 9600À¸·Î ÃʱâÈ * link-level connection ¼³Á¤ link-level connectionÀ» ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ hdlcstart¸¦ »ç¿ë. # hdlcstart /dev/ifd0 * hdlc communication ÁßÁö # hdlcstop /dev/ifd0 --> ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº packet transmissionÀ» ÁßÁöÇÔ * Configuration Commands syncinit command´Â synchronous serial lineÀÇ clocking parameterµéÀ» ÃʱâÈÇÏ°í Á¦¾îÇÑ´Ù. syncinitÀº x25start shell script¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ó±âµÈ´Ù. # syncinit mcph1 speed=9600 , loopback=no , nrzi=no , txc=txc , rxc=rxc nrziÀº transmit¿¡¼ÀÇ encoding°ú receive »ó¿¡¼ÀÇ decoding¿¡¼ nrzi(non-return-to-zero inverted)ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. nrzi encodingÀ» À§ÇÑ ±âº»°ªÀº nrzi=no·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÀå txc=txc (³ª°¡´Â signalÀ» modemÀ¸·Î ³ª°¡´Â signal·Î »ç¿ë) baud rate°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö¸é system signal »ç¿ë) * iflayer´Â protocol deviceµéÀÌ layer¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀº ip device°¡ XVC interface¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. # iflayer xpkt0 hdlc0 zss0 ¸¸¾à irÀ» À§ÇØ X.25¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì ip device¸¦ XVC interface·Î layer ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. ip0¸¦ XVC0·Î layerÇϱâ À§ÇØ # iflayer ip0 XVC0 ¸¸¾à ifnet interface¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ HDLC service·Î¼ X.25¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ°æ¿ì ifd device¸¦ hdlc device·Î layerÇÔ. # iflayer ifd0 hdlc0 mcph0