Subject : DNS¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ³»¿ë Á¤¸®


Description :



1.  DNS ¶õ?

         - Domain Name Service (DNS)´Â Ç¥ÁØ TCP/IP Protocol suite ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀÎ
           Applications layer protocolÀÓ.

         - DNSÀÇ ±âº»Àû ±â´ÉÀº queryµéÀ» Áú¹®ÇÏ°í ´ë´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»ó¿¡
           ÀÖ´Â  hostµé¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò°Å³ª Á¦°øÇÔ. 



2.  DNS Domain Hierarchy

         - DNS´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ local administrative domain ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â  hostµé°£¿¡
           naming À» ¼öÇàÇÔ.

         - °¢ serverµéÀº in.namedÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â daemonÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á DNS¸¦
           ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ´. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ serverµéÀº ÈçÈ÷ name servers·Î¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÊ.

         - client Ãø¿¡¼­, service´Â resolver¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ½ÇÇàµÊ.
           resolver´Â ÇϳªÀÇ daemonÀ̳ª programÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ C-library
           function ÀÌ°í  ±×°ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº user queryµéÀ» resolveÇÔ.
           ±×¶§ name server´Â ¹Ù·¨´ø ´ë´äÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÜ.

         - name server´Â µÎÁ¾·ùÀÇ data¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÔ.
           ù¹ø° Á¾·ù´Â 'authoritative' ¶ó Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
           À¯ÁöµÇ´Â zoneµéÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϸç , server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯ÁöµÇ´Â
           µÎ¹ø° Á¾·ù´Â local resolver¸¦ ÅëÇØ  ¾ò´Â cached dataÀÓ.

         - DNS nameµéÀº °èÃþÀû ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº sunOS directory¿Í
           °°Àº ÇüÅ·ΠdomainµéÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 
           ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²Àº DNS°èÃþÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
  
	          	


































 



    <  THE ROOT LEVEL DOMAIN >  
       - °¡Àå »óÀ§ÀÇ root levelÀº NIC(Network Information Center)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇöÀç
         ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½. ±×·¡¼­ Internet¿Í ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã NIC¿Í
         Á¢ÃËÇؾßÇÔ.   BITNET,CSNET¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ´ëÁß networkµéÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â
         Á¶Á÷µéÀº ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ networkµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
         root level¿¡¼­ NIC´Â next lower levelÀÇ name serverµé¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦
         À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â root domain name serverµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÔ.


    <  TOP LEVEL DOMAINS >
       - À­±×¸²¿¡¼­ º¸´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ Internet top level domainµéÀº EDU,ARPA,
         COM,GOVµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ NIC¿¡ µî·ÏÇÒ°æ¿ì ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ networkÀ» 
         Á¶Á÷Ư¼º¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ domainµé·Î ÇÒ´çÇÔ.  
         ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÇöÀç NIC¿¡¼­´Â educational institutionsÀº EDU domainÀ¸·Î
         business institutionsÀº COM domainÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½.
       - NIC´Â ¶ÇÇÑ top level domainµéÀ» À§ÇÑ DNS¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÔ.


    <  SECOND LEVEL DOMAINS >
       - À­±×¸²¿¡¼­ dogstar,sun,rigel°ú °°ÀÌ °¢°¢ top level domain À¸·Î ºÎÅÍ
         second level domainÀ¸·Î ºÐ±âÇÔ.
         ÀÌ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ name serverµéÀº domain administratorµéÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÔ. 
         

    <  LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE DOMAINS >
       - °¢°¢ÀÇ second level¹ØÀº local administrarive domainµéÀÌ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
         domainµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» À§ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °ü¸®ÇØ¾Æ ÇÔ.
         ÇϳªÀÇ second level domainÀº ÇϳªÀÇ hostó·³ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ÀÛÀ»¼öµµ ÀÖ°í
         ¸¹Àº hostµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÒ¸¸Å­ ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ŭ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
         À­±×¸²¿¡¼­ second level domain SUN.COMÀº ¼¼°³ÀÇ internal
         administrative domain(venus,earth,mars)µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
         domain earth´Â moon°ú °°Àº individual hostµé°ú subdomainÀÎ eurostar¸¦
         Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½. 



3.  Name Space ¿Í Administrative Zones

        - ÇϳªÀÇ zoneÀ̶õ single authority¿Í name serverµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ´Â
          hostµéÀÇ hierarchical communityÀÓ.
          ÀÌ·± community ´Â individual hostµé°ú ¸ðµç name server,±×°ÍÀÇ
          client(subzone)µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
          zoneÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ local administrative domainó·³ administrative 
          boundary¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿.

        - ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²Àº ¾î¶»°Ô °¡»óÀÇ zoneµéÀÌ ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
          ÀÌ ±×¸²¿¡¼­´Â 4°³ÀÇ zoneµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖÀ½.
          . root zone => ÀÌ°ÍÀº Internet root domain name server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÊ.
          . three zone => ÀÌ°ÍÀº domain SUN.COM¿¡¼­ÀÇ name serverµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ
                          °ü¸®µÊ.
          Á¡¼±À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½ ºÎºÐÀº °¢ zoneÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿µ¿ªÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½.































    < How Name Space Relates to Host and Domain Names >

       - host name Ç¥±â½Ã fully-qualified domain nameÀ¸·Î ÇؾßÇÔ.
         ÀÌ À̸§Àº name space ¾È¿¡¼­ host ȤÀº domainÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÔ
         fully-qualified domain nameµéÀº SunOS full pathnameµé°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸
         µÎ°¡Áö Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
         domain nameµéÀº ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»°í / º¸´Ù´Â . ·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.
         ´ÙÀ½Àº sample domain nameÀÓ.
         
         COM.  rigel.COM.    venus.sun     eurostar.earth.sun.COM.
         
         period°¡ domain name°¡Àå ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯°æ¿ì ±×°ÍÀº rootÀÇ null 
         labelÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â°ÍÀÓ.
         ¸¸¾à domain name venus.sunó·³ trailing period°¡ ¿­°ÅµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é
         DNS´Â domain name À» »ó´ëÀû°³³ä À¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù.
         ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ local network »ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â host ÀÇ fully qualified domain  
         name ¿­°Å¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.
         subdomain eurostar ¾ÈÀÇ machine named uk fully qualified domain À» º¸¸é
         uk.eurostar.earth.sun.COM. ·Î Ç¥±âÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

    < How Name Space Relates to Zones >

       - zoneµéÀÇ À̸§Àº zone hierarchy ÀÇ top domain label ·Î ºÎÅÍ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
         À­±×¸²¿¡¼­ 4°³ÀÇ domainµéÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù.
       
         sun.COM  venus.sun.COM   mars.sun.COM    . (the root zone)

         zone sun.COMÀº ±× À̸§À» second level domain sun.COMÀÇ label·Î ºÎÅÍ
         ÃëÇÑ´Ù.  
         zone sun.COMÀº ´ÙÀ½ 3°¡Áö·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù.
         . domain sun
         . local administrative domain earth
         . subdomain eurostar
         zone sun.COMÀº domain venus¿Í mars¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.  ±×µéÀº ±×µé
         ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ zoneµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.  ±×·¯³ª venus¿Í mars´Â sun.COM domain
         °èÃþÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ´Ù. 
          
     < Name Space and the IN-ADDR.ARPA Domain >

       - domain hierarchy ¿Í name space´Â host nameÀ» °¡Áö°í Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
         ÀÌ°ÍÀº in.named daemonÀÌ nameÀ» address·Î mappingÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
         ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î , DNS°¡ ÀνÄÇϴ Ưº°ÇÑ domainÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» 
         IN-ADDR.ARPA¶ó ºÎ¸£´Âµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº address¸¦ nameÀ¸·Î mapping
         À» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.  ÀÌ°ÍÀº IP address·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù.
         host address Ç¥Çö¹æ½ÄÀº ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ª¿­ÀÌ µÊ.
         ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é host IP address°¡ 128.32.0.4¸é¼­ IN-ADDR.ARPA domain nameÀ»
         °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÔ.

              4.0.32.128. IN-ADDR.ARPA.

      < DNS Servers and Clients >

        - DNS¿¡¼­ µÎ°¡Áö Ãø¸éÀ» »ìÆ캼¼ö°¡ Àִµ¥ 
          in.named daemonÀ» ¼öÇà½ÃÅ°´Â name server¿Í
          resolver¸¦ ¼öÇà½ÃÅ°´Â client°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
          in.named ¸¦ ¼öÇà½ÃÅ°´Â name server´Â ¶ÇÇÑ resolver¸¦ ¼öÇà½Ãų¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
          ¶ÇÇÑ µÎÁ¾·ùÀÇ client°¡ Àִµ¥ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.
          . Client-only
          . Server/client

        - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ serverµéÀÇ zoneÀ» À§ÇØ name service¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
          ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ serverµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
          . Master servers (primary and secondary)
          . Caching-only server
          . Forwarding server
         
       < Clients >

         - clinet-only machineÀº in.named daemonÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
           ´ë½Å¿¡ /etc/resolv.conf fileÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ fileÀº queryµéÀ»
           °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â name serving machine list¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.

         - name server/clinet´Â userÀÇ query¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© in.named¿¡¼­
           Á¦°øÇÏ´Â domain name service ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â machineÀÌ´Ù.
           ±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à daemonÀÌ Áװųª hangup ÀÌ µÉ°æ¿ì ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ resolver¸¦
           ÅëÇؼ­ queryµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

       < Master Servers >

         - °¢°¢ÀÇ zoneÀº ±× zoneÀÇ  ¸ðµç data¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ
           master name server µéÀ» Àû¾îµµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
           Áï, ÁÖ¾îÁø zone¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â data´Â Àû¾îµµ two server¿¡ À¯¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
           ¿©·¯ºÐÀº primary master server·Î¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ name server¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çؾß
           ÇÏ°í ¸¸¾à primary¸¦ ¾µ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÇϳªÀÇ backupÀ¸·Î¼­ 
           secondary master¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

         - primary master server´Â zoneÀ» º¯È­½Ãų¼ö ÀÖ´Â name serverÀ̸ç
           ÀÌ server´Â in.namedÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ disk·Î ºÎÅÍ data¸¦ copyÇؼ­
           master¿¡´Ù ÀûÀçÇÑ´Ù.   primary server´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ±â zone¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
           ȤÀº ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ serverµé¿¡°Ô authority¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

         - secondary master server´Â copyµÈ data¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â name serverÀÌ´Ù.
           primary server´Â secondary server¿¡°Ô  ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ data¸¦ º¸³»°í
           ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ authority¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù.
           secondary server°¡ in.namedÀ» bootingÇÒ¶§ primary·Î ºÎÅÍ ÁÖ¾îÁø
           zoneÀÇ ¸ðµç data¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ±× data¸¦ updateÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ»°æ¿ì
           primary¿Í ÀdzíÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.

        < Caching and Caching-Only Servers >

         - ¸ðµç name serverµéÀº caching serverµéÀÌ´Ù.
           ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº name server´Â data°¡ ¼Ò¸êÇÒ¶§±îÁö ¹ÞÀº Á¤º¸¸¦
           ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
           ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î , ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶² zoneÀ» À§ÇØ authoritativeÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
           caching only server¸¦ setupÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
           ÀÌ server´Â queryµéÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ°í ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¤º¸ÀÇ authoritative¸¦ °®°í
           ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ name serverµé¿¡°Ô Áú¹®ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
           ±×·¯³ª caching only server´Â ¾î¶² authoritativeÇÑ dataÀÚü¸¦
           À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

        < Forwarding Servers >

         - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº request¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ serverµé¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ó¸®ÇÏ´Â
           serverµéÀ» setupÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
           Forwarding list¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ serverµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¼ö ÀÖ°í
           list°¡ ¾ø¾îÁú¶§±îÁö ±³´ë·Î ½ÃµµÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
           ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Internet ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ network¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ
           large machine°ú ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº small machine ȤÀº workstation
           À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ¶§ workstationÀ» Internet ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ network ¿¡
           ¿¬°áÇÒ°æ¿ì ¿©·¯ºÐÀº small machineµéÀ» large machineÀÇ forwarding
           slaveµé·Î setup ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×µéÀÇ requestµéÀº large machineÀ¸·Î
           Àü´ÞµÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.  ±×·¡¼­ ±³´ë·Î query¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´Ù¸¥ serverµé°ú
           »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇؼ­ ´ë´äÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÙ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.



           
4.   Name Server Files           

     - domain name server´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ database¸¦ loadÇϱâ À§ÇØ
       ¸î°³ÀÇ fileÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
       resolver´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â ½ÇÁ¦ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Â serverµéÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½
       fileÀ» (¼ÒÀ§ /etc/resolv.conf)ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
       resolver°¡ hostÀÇ address¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÒ¶§¸¶´Ù (ȤÀº address¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â name)
       query packetÀ» ¸¸µé¾î resolver°¡ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â(/etc/resolv.confÂüÁ¶)
       name server·Î º¸³½´Ù.
       ±× server´Â ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Î query¿¡ ´äÀ» ÇÏ°í ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ serverµéÀÇ service¸¦
       ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© resolver¿¡°Ô °á°ú¸¦ º¸³½´Ù.

     - name´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¼± serverµé(primary,secondary,cache-only,
       forwarding name server)À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â boot file(¼ÒÀ§ /etc/named.boot)À»
       ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
       ÀÌ fileÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ named daemonÀ» callÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.

     - resolver¿Í named daemon¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â formatÇüŸ¦ º¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
       .  semicolon(;)Àº comment lineÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë
       .  °ýÈ£´Â lineÈ®Àå½Ã »ç¿ëµÊ

     - resolver configuration file°ú named boot file Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ syntex¸¦ °¡Áö°í
       ÀÖ°í  ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç fileµéÀº Resource Record standard syntax¸¦ µû¸¥´Ù.  

      < Resolver Configuration File > 

        - ÀÌ fileÀº local domain°ú name serverµéÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë±âÀ§Çؼ­ 
          resolver¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÐÇôÁø´Ù.
          ´ÙÀ½Àº resolv.conf fileÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
    
          ; Sample resolv.conf file
          domain Podunk.Edu
          nameserver 128.32.0.4
          nameserver 128.32.0.10

          ÀÌ ¿¹´Â local domain À» Podunk.Edu·Î ¼³Á¤Çß°í, resolver routineÀÌ
          ¾î¶²Á¤º¸¸¦ À§Çؼ­ »ó±â¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ name server ÂüÁ¶Çϸç
          ÀÌ fileÀº resolver¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

       < Boot File >

         - ÀÌ fileÀº namedÀÌ serverÀÇ /etc/rc.local·Î ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵ɶ§ óÀ½À¸·Î
           ÀÐÇôÁø´Ù. boot fileÀº serverÀÇ type °ú zone°ú initial data¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö
           ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. 
           boot fileÀÇ default location Àº /etc/named.bootÀÌ´Ù.
           ±×·¯³ª command line»ó¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î º¯°æÇÔÀ¸·Î½á default location           À» º¯°æÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
         - boot file°ú data fileµéÀÇ °ü°è´Â ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²¿¡¼­ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.



























        - ¸ðµç data fileµéÀº Standard Resource Record FormatÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

      < Boot File For a Primary Server >

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº primary server¸¦ À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù.

 
          

 
       
 
          
           
 
         











       - lineº°·Î ºÐ¼®À» Çغ¸¸é
 
         1.  directory  /var/named

           .  ÀÌ lineÀº name server°¡ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â directory¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
              filedÀÇ °¡º¯À» À§Çؼ­ /var¹Ø¿¡ directory¸¦ Á¤ÇßÁö¸¸
              ¾î¶² directory¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇصµ »ó°üÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
           .  boot file¾È¿¡ directory°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¸ðµç file nameÀº
              Àý´ëpathnameÀÌ µÇ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
  
         2.  cache    .    named.ca

           .  ¸ðµç serverµéÀº root name serverµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϱâ À§ÇØ boot file
              ¾È¿¡´Ù »ó±â lineÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
              ù¹ø° field(cache)´Â server°¡ named.ca°ú °°Àº ¸í½ÃµÈ file·Î
              ºÎÅÍ root server hints¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿.
              ¼¼¹ø° field(named.ca)´Â root serverµéÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½ file nameÀÌ´Ù.
              ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î named.ca¶ó´Â À̸§À» ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À» 
              »ç¿ëÇصµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù.     
              ´ÙÀ½Àº sample named.ca fileÀÌ´Ù.






















         3.  primary  Podunk.Edu  puhosts

             . ù¹ø° field(primary)´Â µÎ¹ø° field(Poduk.Edu)¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ
               zoneÀÇ primary·Î¼­ÀÇ server¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
               ¼¼¹ø° field(puhosts)´Â data°¡ ÀÐÇôÁö´Â hosts file nameÀÌ´Ù.
               ÀÌ fileÀº ±× zone¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â machineµé¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç data¸¦
               °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
               ÀÌ fileµµ standard Resource Record formatÀ» µû¸¥´Ù.


         4.  primary  32.128.in-addr.arpa  puhosts.rev

             .  ÀÌ server´Â domain 32.128.in-addr.arpa¸¦ À§ÇÑ primary
                serverÀÌ°í server¸¦ À§ÇÑ data´Â reverse hosts file (Áï 
                puhosts.rev)¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù.
                ÀÌ fileÀº IN-ADDR.ARPA domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â zoneÀ» ¿­°ÅÇÑ´Ù
                ÀÌ domainÀº address-to-name mappingÇÒ¼ö Àִ Ưº°ÇÑ domainÀÌ´Ù.
                IP address 128.32.0.4´Â domain 4.0.32.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA¿Í °°´Ù.

         5.  primary  0.0.127.in-addr.arpa  named.local

             .  ÀÌ server´Â domain 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa(Áï local host loopback)
                ¸¦ À§ÇÑ primary server ÀÌ°í, data´Â named.local¿¡¼­ º¼¼öÀÖ´Ù.
                ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ fileÀº local loopback interface ȤÀº localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ
                address (127.0.0.1)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

      < Boot File For a Secondary Server >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº À§ÀÇ primary serveró·³ °°Àº domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â secondary server
           ¸¦ À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù.













         - line º° ºÐ¼®






              . secondary¶ó´Â ¸»Àº µÎ¹ø° fieldÀÇ zoneÀ» À§ÇÑ secondary server
                ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ°í ³ª¿­µÈ serverµé·ÎºÎÅÍ data ¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù. Åë»ó primary
                server´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ secondary server°¡ ¿Â´Ù.
                multiple secondary addresses¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº zoneÀ»
                backupÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ »ó´çÇÑ À¯¿¬¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
                

      < Boot File for Primary and Secondary Server > 

        - server´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ zoneµéÀ» À§ÇØ primary server¿Í secondary server
          ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù.

      < Boot File for Caching-Only Server >

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº caching-only serverÀ» À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù.









        - ¿©±â¼­´Â caching-only server¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ server·Î¼­ Ưº°È÷ ³ªÅ¸³¾
          ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
          caching-only server´Â authoritative data¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷
          queryµéÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù.

      < Boot file for Forwarding Server >

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº forwarding serverÀ» À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù.
 







        - forwarders lineÀº localÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áµÉ¼ö ¾ø´Â queryµéÀº ¸í½ÃµÈ
          serverµé·Î µ¹¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ°í
          slave lineÀº localÀûÀ¸·Î query¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¹Ù·Î
          ¸ðµç queryµéÀ» forwarders·Î µ¹¸°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
          ÁÖÀÇ: forwarders line ¾øÀÌ slave lineÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.



5.  Standard Resource Record Format

    - ¸ðµç data fileµé (¿¹ named.ca , named.local , hosts , host.rev) Àº
       standard formatÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù. 

    - dataÀÇ °¢ lineÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº fieldµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Resource Record(RR)
      À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â recordÀÌ´Ù.
  
      {name}   {ttl}  class      Record Type        Record Specific data
     
    - fieldÀÇ ¼ø¼­´Â Ç×»ó °°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ù¹ø°,µÎ¹ø° field´Â optionÀÌ´Ù.

    - °¢ Ç׸ñÀ» »ìÆ캸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
      . name :   ù¹ø°field´Â ±× record¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÒ domain nameÀÌ´Ù.
      . ttl :    µÎ¹ø° field´Â time-to-live fieldÀÌ´Ù.
                 ÀÌ°ÍÀº data°¡ ¹«½ÃµÇ°Å³ª »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸°¡ server·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿äûµÇ±â
                 Àü¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È data°¡ database¾È¿¡
                 ÀúÀåµÉ°ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
                 ¸¸¾à ttl value°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³ô°Ô ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖÀ¸¸é server´Â data ȸº¹À»
                 À§ÇØ ¹«¼öÇÑ ¹Ýº¹ requestµéÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
                 ±× ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ttl value°¡ ³Ê¹« ³·°Ô ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖÀ¸¸é Á¤º¸ÀÇ º¯È­µéÀ»
                 ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¹èºÐÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
                 ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ttl value´Â óÀ½¿¡ day(86400)¿Í week(604800)»çÀÌ·Î
                 ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖ´Ù.
      . class :  ¼¼¹ø° field´Â record classÀÌ´Ù.  
      . type  :  ³×¹ø° field´Â resource record ÀÇ typeÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù.
      . RR data : data fieldÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀº Resource Record type¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù.
   
      < Control entries >

       - data file¿¡¼­ standard RR formatÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ lineÀÌ
         control entry lineµéÀÌ´Ù.
         µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ control entry°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
          .  $INCLUDE
            --> include lineÀº column 1¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í µÚµû¶ó¼­ file nameÀÌ
               ³ª¿Â´Ù.  
               ¿¹)  $INCLUDE  /etc/named/data/mailboxes
               À̶óÀÎÀº file(/etc/named/data/mailboxes)¸¦ loadÇϱâ À§ÇÑ
               request·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù.
          .   $ORIGN
            --> origin ¸í·ÉÀº data file¾È¿¡¼­ originÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â ¸í·ÉÀÌ´Ù.
                ÀÌ lineÀº column1¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í µÚµû¶ó¼­ domain nameÀÌ
                ³ª¿Â´Ù.
                ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇϳªÀÇ data file¾È¿¡´Ù ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ domainÀ» ³Ö´Âµ¥
                À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.

      < Resource Record Types > 

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â RR typeµéÀÌ´Ù.
 











       - ´ÙÀ½Àº hosts fileÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. 
 
 
 













































      < SOA -Start Of Authority >

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº Start Of Authority resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.








       
        - SOA record´Â zoneÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ±× zoneÀº ´ÙÀ½ SOA record¿¡¼­
          ³¡³­´Ù.

          . name --> zone name¸¦ °¡¸®Å´ , @Àº ÇöÀçÀÇ zone ȤÀº originÀ»
                     °¡¸®Å´.
          . IN   --> address class
          . SOA  --> Resource Record ÀÇ type
          . Origin --> data fileÀÌ »óÁÖÇÏ´Â host name
          . person_in_charge --> name server¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÑ 
                                 mailing address
          . Serial --> data fileÀÇ version number.
                       data fileÀ» º¯È­½Ãų¶§¸¶´Ù
                       ÀÌ number¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
                       secondary serverµéÀº master server·Î ºÎÅÍ data fileÀ»
                       copy Çß´ø¶§ºÎÅÍ ±× data fileÀÌ º¯È­Çß¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎ
                       ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ Serial field¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
          . Refresh --> ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÚÁÖ secondary name server°¡ data update½Ã
                        primary name serverÇÏ°í »óÀǸ¦ ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿.
          . Retry --> refresh check ½ÇÆÐÈÄ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·¡ secondary server°¡
                      retryÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿.
          . Expire -->secondary name server°¡ refresh¸¦ ¾òÁö¸øÇØ ¿Ï·áµÇ±â
                      Àü¿¡ data¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »óÇѽð£
          . Minimum --> ttlÀ» ¿­°ÅÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº resource record¿¡¼­ ttl field
                        ¸¦ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº»½Ã°£

        - zone´ç ÇϳªÀÇ SOA°¡ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº sample SOA resource recordÀÌ´Ù.












      < NS - Name Server >

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº NS resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.






    
        - Name Server record(NS)´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø domain¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
          name server¸¦ ³ª¿­ÇÑ´Ù.

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº sample NS resource recordÀÌ´Ù.







      < A - Address >

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº A resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.






        - Address record(A)´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø machine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ address¸¦ ³ª¿­ÇÑ´Ù.
          name field´Â machine nameÀÌ°í address´Â IP addressÀÌ´Ù.







       < HINFO - Host Information >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº HINFO resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.






         - HINFO´Â host specific data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
           








        < WKS - Well Known Services > 

          - ´ÙÀ½Àº WKS resource record format ÀÌ´Ù.
           
           
      


          - Well Known Services record (WKS)´Â ¸í±âµÈ address¿¡¼­ 
            Ưº°ÇÑ protocol¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¿øµÇ´Â WKS¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
            list of services Ç׸ñÀº services database¾È¿¡ ¸í±âµÈ
            list of services·Î ºÎÅÍ ¿Â´Ù.

          - ´ÙÀ½Àº WKS resource record exampleÀÌ´Ù. 












       < CNAME -Canonical Name >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº CNAME resource record format ÀÌ´Ù.





         - CNAMEÀº canonical name( Áï formalȤÀº real name) À» À§ÇÑ nicknameÀ»  ¿­°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
           nicknameÀº À¯ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
           ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ resource recordµéÀº nicknameÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í canonical nameÇÏ°í
           °ü·ÃÀÌ µÇ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
           nicknameµéÀº ƯÈ÷ machine nameÀÌ º¯ÇßÁö¸¸ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ old machine nameÀ»
           »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÙ¶§, ±×·± °úµµ±â µ¿¾È¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. 

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº sample CNAME resource recordÀÌ´Ù.






       < PTR -Domain Name Pointer >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº PTR resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.





         - Pointer record(PTR)´Â special nameµéÀÌ ±× domain¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ locationÀ»
           °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¶ôÇØÁØ´Ù.  
           PTRÀº address(special name)¸¦ real nameÀ¸·Î º¯È¯Å° À§ÇØ IN-ADDR.ARPA
           ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
           PTR nameµéÀº ±× zone¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

         - ¾Æ·¡ PTR recordµéÀº special IN-ADDR.ARPA domainÀ» À§ÇØ reverse 
           pointerµéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.





       < MX -Mail Exchanger >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MX resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.




         - MX resource recordµéÀº mail¸¦ ÇÑ domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â machineµéÀ̳ª domain
           À¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¾Æ´Â machineÀ» ¿­°ÅÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
           ¾Æ·¡º¸±â¿¡¼­ , Seismo.CSS.GOVÀº mail¸¦ Munnari.OZ.AU·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â
           ¹ýÀ» ¾Æ´Â mail gatewayÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ machineµéÀº
           Á÷Á¢ Munnari.Seismo·Î mail¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
           preference value field´Â mail¸¦ single machineÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â 
           ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀ϶§ mailer°¡ µû¶ó¾ßÇÒ ¼ø¼­¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
           value°¡ ³ôÀ¸¸é ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï preference°¡ ³·´Ù.

         - MX recordµé¿¡¼­ mail routingÀ» À§ÇØ wildcard * ¸¦ °¡Áø name
           À» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
           ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹¿¡¼­ , domain foo.COM¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµé ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç mailÀº
           RELAY.CS.NETÀ» ÅëÇØ route µÈ´Ù.
           ¾Æ·¡¿¹¿¡¼­ wildcard resource recordÀ» ¸¸µç °ÍÀ» º¼¼ö Àִµ¥
           ±×°ÍÀº *.foo.COMÀ» À§ÇÑ mail exchanger°¡ RELAY.CS.NETÀ̶ó°í
           ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
           *Àº ¾î¶² host³ª ȤÀº foo.COMÀÇ subdomain°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.







       < MB - Mailbox >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MB resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.





         - Mailbox record (MB)´Â mailÀ» ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â machineÀ» ¿­°ÅÇÑ´Ù.
           name field´Â user login nameÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ°í, machine field´Â
           mailÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇ¾î¾ßÇÒ machineÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
           Mailbox nameµéÀº ±× zone¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MB resource record ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.






       < MR - Mail Rename Record >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MR resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. 
    




         - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº user¸¦ À§ÇÑ aliasÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ Mail Rename (MR)À»
           »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
           name field´Â ÇϳªÀÇ corresponding MB recordÀ» °®´Â ³×¹ø° field¿¡¼­
           ³ª¿­µÈ nameÀ» À§ÇÑ alias À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
           ¾Æ·¡¿¹¿¡¼­, "postmistress"À» À§ÇØ ¹ÞÀº mailÀº "miriam"À¸·Î 
           routeµÈ´Ù.







       < MINFO - Mailbox Information >

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MINFO resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.





         - Mail Information record (MINFO)´Â mailing list¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ
           mail groupÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
           ÀÌ resource record´Â Àû¾îµµ Ç×»ó ÇϳªÀÇ Mail Group resource record¿Í
           ¿¬°üµÇÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Mail Box record¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
           name field´Â mailboxÀ̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
           request field´Â mailÀ» º¸³»´Â°÷À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
           maintainer field´Â error messageµéÀ» ¹Þ´Â mailboxÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MINFO resource record ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.






       < MG - Mail Group Member>    

         - ´ÙÀ½Àº MG resource record formatÀÌ´Ù.





        - Mail Group record (MG)´Â ÇϳªÀÇ mail groupÀÇ memberµéÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

        - ´ÙÀ½Àº MG resource record ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.





        - mailing listÀ» set upÇÏ´Â ¿¹´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.











6. Practical Example

     - imaginary networkÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â fileµéÀ» ±¸¼ºÇغ¸ÀÚ.
     
     - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ networkÀÌ C-Class¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼¼°³ÀÇ networkÀ¸·Î
          ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.
            name    number
            junk    223.100.100
            widget  223.100.101
            zap     223.100.102

     - imaginary networkÀº ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²°ú °°´Ù.




























       
     

 
 
           
 
 
         

























     - ´ÙÀ½Àº zone junk¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµéÀ» reverse addressµéÀÇ sample fileÀÌ´Ù.    














     - server widget°ú zapÀ» À§ÇÑ reverse address fileµéÀº À§¿Í °°Àº 
         ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾²¿©Áø´Ù.

      < Adding a Cache Only Server >

        - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇϳªÀÇ cache only server¸¦ imaginary set upÀ¸·Î ÷°¡ÇÒ¼ö
          ÀÖ´Ù.  zone bond.junk.COMÀº 223.100.103.1ÀÎ host bond¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­
          serveµÇ°í, 223.100.103.2- 223.100.103.80¹üÀ§ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµéÀ»
          °¡Áø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ named.boot fileÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù.







      < Self-contained DNS >

        - ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ networkÀÌ Internet¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾îµµ ,(Áï outside
          world¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº self-contained domain,)
          DNS¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 
        - primary serverÀ» À§ÇØ named.bootÀ» modifyÇؾßÇÔ. 













        - »õ·Î¿î named.root fileÀ» createÇؾßÇÔ. 









        - root serverÀ» À§ÇÑ fileÀ» createÇؾßÇÔ.













        - ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ fileµéÀº º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.



7. Setting Up DNS

    - ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº  named¿Í resolver¸¦ ½ÃÀÛ½ÃÅ°´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.


      < Starting named > 

        - /etc/named.boot fileÀº in.named daemonaÀ» ºÒ·¯³¿À¸·Î½á ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î
          ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.   ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾Æ·¡ line¿¡ ÀÇÇØ /etc/rc.local¿¡¼­ Á¶ÀýµÈ´Ù.






        - À­ lineµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ server¾È¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ boot fileÀÌ /etc/named.boot
          ÀÌ´Ù.  ¸¸¾à ´Ù¸¥ nameÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é , ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ º¯°æÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.






       < Starting the resolver >

         - resolver¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °¢ machineÀº Àû´çÇÑ /etc/resolv.conf file
           À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
         - resolver´Â query packetµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¼­ name server¿Í ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â
           ¸î°³ÀÇ routinµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù.
           Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ,´ÜÁö NIS server¸¸ÀÌ resolver library¿Í Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÉ
           ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ programµéÀº nameµéÀ» accessÇϱâ À§ÇØ
           Á¤»óÀûÀÎ NIS functionµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
           À§ ³»¿ëµéÀº NIS master server»óÀÇ /var/yp¾È¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ
           Makefile¿¡¼­ -b flag¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù.   
           sendmail.mxÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº mail host»óÀÇ /etc/sendmail.cfÀ» modifying ÇÑ´Ù.



8. Modifying the database 

    - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ master DNS server¾ÈÀÇ data fileµéÁß¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ host¸¦
      add,delete ÇÒ°æ¿ì ¶Ç´Â data fileµéÀ» modifyÇÒ °æ¿ì SOA resource
      record¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Serial number¸¦ º¯È­½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­
      secondary serverµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ data¸¦ modifyÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
      ±×¸®°í master server¿¡´Ù namedÀ» ¾Ë¸®°í, data fileµéÀ» re-read¿Í
      internal databaseÀ» updateÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 

       < named's PID >

         - ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§, ±×°ÍÀÇ process IDÀ» /etc/named.pid file
           ·Î writeÇÑ´Ù.  ±×·¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº named's process ID À» ¾ò±âÀ§Çؼ­
           ps À» ¼öÇà½ÃųÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø°í ´ÜÁö cat¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºü¸£´Ù.
  
       < Reload(SIGHUP) >

         - named.bootÀ» re-readÇÏ´Â named¿Í databaseÀ» reloadÇϱâ À§ÇØ
           ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

           # kill -HUP `cat /etc/named.pid`

          (ÁÖÀÇ) ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¸ðµç cached data´Â ¼Ò¸êµÇ°í, caching process°¡
                 ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛµÊ.



9. Debugging named

     - kill utility¸¦ ÅëÇØ signalµéÀ» º¸³¿À¸·Î½á namedÀ» debug ÇÒ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

      < Database Browsing (SIGINT) >
        - named°¡ database¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô²û ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

           # kill -INT `cat /etc/named.pid`

     - ÀÌ signal¸¦ ¹ÞÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ namedÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ database¸¦ dumpÇÏ°í,
       /var/tmp/named_dump.db·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
       ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµé¿¡°Ô database°¡ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô loadµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦
       Ç¥½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù.
       ¸¸¾à namedÀÌ ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇàµÇ¸é  /usr/adm/messages¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎ
       ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, syslog¿¡ ÀÇÇØ logµÈ messagesµéÀ» checkÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
       ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î , hostnameÀ» nicknameÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½ data file ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
       ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº messages¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

           May  4 02:35:26 hostname named[4804] : hazy.widget.junk.COM
           has CNAME and other data (illegal) 
           
       ȤÀº, ¸¸¾à database°¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÏ °æ¿ì,
    
           May 1 11:02:33 hostname named[17808] : /etc/named/junk.zone:
           line 759: database format error ()

       < Turning on debugging (SIGUSR1) >

         - debuggingÀ» °¡µ¿½ÃÅ°±âÀ§ÇØ ,¿©·¯ºÐÀº -d optionÀ» °¡Áø
           namedÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¼ö Àְųª ȤÀº, ¸¸¾à named°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼öÇàÁßÀ϶§
           ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
  
             # kill -USR1 `cat /etc/named.pid`

           USR1Àº debug level¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù.  Ãâ·ÂÀº  /var/tmp/named.runÀ¸·Î
           °£´Ù.

       < Turning off debugging (SIGUSR2) >

         - debuggingÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÁßÁö½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ± ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù.

             # kill -USR2 `cat /etc/named.pid`

       < Using  nslookup >

         - nslookup utility´Â Internet domain name serverµéÀ» queryÇÒ¼ö
           ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ interactive programÀÌ´Ù.
           ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ host¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿äûÇϰųª ȤÀº domain¾È¿¡ 
           ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ hostµéÀ» printÇϱâ À§ÇØ serverµéÀ» Á¢ÃËÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

         - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡ nslookup ¸í·ÉÀ» Ä¥¶§ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº À¯»çÇÑ
           messages¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.







         - '>'Àº nslookup promptÀÌ´Ù.  
           ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ dafault server°¡ localhost³ª ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ serverÀÎÁö´Â
           DNS¿Í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â serverÀÇ /etc/resolv.conf³»¿ëÀ»
           ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Á¤Çߴ°¡¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù.

         - ¿¹¸¦ µé¿©, ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ junk.COM domain¾ÈÀÇ lazy ¶ó´Â hostÀÇ
           ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÒ¶§ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù.
     
              > lazy

            ±×·¯ÇÑ host°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
            ¸¸¾à, ã°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â host°¡ ±× domain¾È¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
            fully qualified nameÀ» ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

         - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿äûÇßÀ»¶§ server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸³»Áø queryÁ¾·ù¿Í
           ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ queryµé¿¡°Ô µµÂøÇÑ ´ë´äµéÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

              > set debug



10. Administerring DNS for your domain
     - DNS¸¦ setup ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº server¿Í clientµé»ó¿¡¼­ Àû´çÇÑ programµéÀ»
       ¼öÇàÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, domain nameÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, complaintµéÀ» ´ë´äÇÏ°í
       ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ formµéÀ» ±â·ÏÇÔÀ¸·Î½á public network¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

       < Types of Administrators and Their Responsibilities >

         - DNS¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ administrative responsiblity´Â ÀüüÀû network
           °èÃþ¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ domain À§Ä¡¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù.
           ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î , ÀÛÀº administrative domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â name serverµéÀ»
           °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Å« zoneÀÇ authoritative setÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù
           Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ µé µû¸¥´Ù.
           Ã¥ÀÓÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ domain ȤÀº zoneÀ» À§ÇÑ chief authority
           ÀÎÁö ¿©ºÎ¿Í ȤÀº chief authority¿¡´Ù º¸°íÇÏ´Â administrator 
           ÀÎÁö¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù.

         - NIC´Â InternetÀÇ administratorµéÀ» domain administrator°ú
           chief authority¿Í technical contact¿Í chiefÀ¸·Î º¸°íÇÏ´Â 
           administorµé·Î ³ª´«´Ù.

       < Domain Administrator >

         - domain administrator(DA)´Â second levelȤÀº lower domainÀ» À§ÇÑ
           coordinator,manager,technicianÀÌ´Ù.

         - DAÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
           . domainÀ» µî·ÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
             domainÀº network °èÃþÀÇ ±× level¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇÑ nameÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
             networkÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â Á¶Á÷°ú Á¢ÃËÇؼ­ Àû´çÇÑ domain regiistration
             formÀ» ¿äûÇØ¾Æ ÇÑ´Ù.
           . domain¾È¿¡¼­ hostµéÀ» namingÇÏ°í ±× À̸§µéÀ» verifyingÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
             À¯ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
             ¸¹Àº siteµé¿¡¼­ , userµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ hostµéÀ» ¸í¸íÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í,
             ¹Ý¸é¿¡ administratorµéÀº serverµéÀ» ¸í¸íÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
             administrator´Â ÇϳªÀÇ zone¾È¿¡¼­ Áߺ¹ nameµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¾ÊµÈ´Ù.
             ÀÌ°ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ±× zoneÀÇ ¸ðµç resource recordµéÀ»
             Á¶»çÇϰųª ȤÀº nslookup programÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
           . userµé·Î ºÎÅÍ ºÒÆò°ú Áú¹®µéÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù.
           . º¸¾È¹®Á¦µé , protocol À§¹Ý , ´Ù¸¥ networkÀÇ ¿À¿ëÀ» ´ëºñÇؼ­
             domain»ó¿¡¼­ hostsµéÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

        < Technical Contact >

          - domain technical/zone contact´Â DNS program°ú fileµéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í
            °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â name serverµéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
          - Technical contact´Â ¶ÇÇÑ network problemµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ
            ±×µéÀÇ Domain Administratorµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ domainµéÀÇ DA¿Í
            »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 
          - technical contactÀÇ °¡Àå Å«Ã¥ÀÓÀº corresponding zone°ú °ü·ÃµÈ
            fileµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 
             
         
 

      

Revision History

ÀÛ¼ºÀÏÀÚ : 96.06.17
ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ : ÀÌÁø¼ö

¼öÁ¤ÀÏÀÚ : 
¼öÁ¤ÀÚ