Subject : DNS¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ³»¿ë Á¤¸® Description : 1. DNS ¶õ? - Domain Name Service (DNS)´Â Ç¥ÁØ TCP/IP Protocol suite ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀÎ Applications layer protocolÀÓ. - DNSÀÇ ±âº»Àû ±â´ÉÀº queryµéÀ» Áú¹®ÇÏ°í ´ë´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµé¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò°Å³ª Á¦°øÇÔ. 2. DNS Domain Hierarchy - DNS´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ local administrative domain ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµé°£¿¡ naming À» ¼öÇàÇÔ. - °¢ serverµéÀº in.namedÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â daemonÀ» ¼öÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á DNS¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ´. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ serverµéÀº ÈçÈ÷ name servers·Î¼ ¾ð±ÞµÊ. - client Ãø¿¡¼, service´Â resolver¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ½ÇÇàµÊ. resolver´Â ÇϳªÀÇ daemonÀ̳ª programÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ C-library function ÀÌ°í ±×°ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº user queryµéÀ» resolveÇÔ. ±×¶§ name server´Â ¹Ù·¨´ø ´ë´äÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÜ. - name server´Â µÎÁ¾·ùÀÇ data¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÔ. ù¹ø° Á¾·ù´Â 'authoritative' ¶ó Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯ÁöµÇ´Â zoneµéÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϸç , server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯ÁöµÇ´Â µÎ¹ø° Á¾·ù´Â local resolver¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾ò´Â cached dataÀÓ. - DNS nameµéÀº °èÃþÀû ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº sunOS directory¿Í °°Àº ÇüÅ·ΠdomainµéÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²Àº DNS°èÃþÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. < THE ROOT LEVEL DOMAIN > - °¡Àå »óÀ§ÀÇ root levelÀº NIC(Network Information Center)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇöÀç ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½. ±×·¡¼ Internet¿Í ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã NIC¿Í Á¢ÃËÇؾßÇÔ. BITNET,CSNET¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ´ëÁß networkµéÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â Á¶Á÷µéÀº ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ networkµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. root level¿¡¼ NIC´Â next lower levelÀÇ name serverµé¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â root domain name serverµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÔ. < TOP LEVEL DOMAINS > - À±×¸²¿¡¼ º¸´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ Internet top level domainµéÀº EDU,ARPA, COM,GOVµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ NIC¿¡ µî·ÏÇÒ°æ¿ì ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ networkÀ» Á¶Á÷Ư¼º¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ domainµé·Î ÇÒ´çÇÔ. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÇöÀç NIC¿¡¼´Â educational institutionsÀº EDU domainÀ¸·Î business institutionsÀº COM domainÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½. - NIC´Â ¶ÇÇÑ top level domainµéÀ» À§ÇÑ DNS¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÔ. < SECOND LEVEL DOMAINS > - À±×¸²¿¡¼ dogstar,sun,rigel°ú °°ÀÌ °¢°¢ top level domain À¸·Î ºÎÅÍ second level domainÀ¸·Î ºÐ±âÇÔ. ÀÌ ´Ü°è¿¡¼ name serverµéÀº domain administratorµéÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÔ. < LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE DOMAINS > - °¢°¢ÀÇ second level¹ØÀº local administrarive domainµéÀÌ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ domainµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Á¶Á÷À» À§ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °ü¸®ÇØ¾Æ ÇÔ. ÇϳªÀÇ second level domainÀº ÇϳªÀÇ hostó·³ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ÀÛÀ»¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ¸¹Àº hostµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÒ¸¸Å ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ŭ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. À±×¸²¿¡¼ second level domain SUN.COMÀº ¼¼°³ÀÇ internal administrative domain(venus,earth,mars)µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. domain earth´Â moon°ú °°Àº individual hostµé°ú subdomainÀÎ eurostar¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½. 3. Name Space ¿Í Administrative Zones - ÇϳªÀÇ zoneÀ̶õ single authority¿Í name serverµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ´Â hostµéÀÇ hierarchical communityÀÓ. ÀÌ·± community ´Â individual hostµé°ú ¸ðµç name server,±×°ÍÀÇ client(subzone)µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. zoneÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ local administrative domainó·³ administrative boundary¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿. - ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²Àº ¾î¶»°Ô °¡»óÀÇ zoneµéÀÌ ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú´Â°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±×¸²¿¡¼´Â 4°³ÀÇ zoneµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖÀ½. . root zone => ÀÌ°ÍÀº Internet root domain name server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÊ. . three zone => ÀÌ°ÍÀº domain SUN.COM¿¡¼ÀÇ name serverµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÊ. Á¡¼±À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½ ºÎºÐÀº °¢ zoneÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿µ¿ªÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½. < How Name Space Relates to Host and Domain Names > - host name Ç¥±â½Ã fully-qualified domain nameÀ¸·Î ÇؾßÇÔ. ÀÌ À̸§Àº name space ¾È¿¡¼ host ȤÀº domainÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÔ fully-qualified domain nameµéÀº SunOS full pathnameµé°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸ µÎ°¡Áö Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. domain nameµéÀº ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»°í / º¸´Ù´Â . ·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº sample domain nameÀÓ. COM. rigel.COM. venus.sun eurostar.earth.sun.COM. period°¡ domain name°¡Àå ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯°æ¿ì ±×°ÍÀº rootÀÇ null labelÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â°ÍÀÓ. ¸¸¾à domain name venus.sunó·³ trailing period°¡ ¿°ÅµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é DNS´Â domain name À» »ó´ëÀû°³³ä À¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ local network »ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â host ÀÇ fully qualified domain name ¿°Å¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù. subdomain eurostar ¾ÈÀÇ machine named uk fully qualified domain À» º¸¸é uk.eurostar.earth.sun.COM. ·Î Ç¥±âÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. < How Name Space Relates to Zones > - zoneµéÀÇ À̸§Àº zone hierarchy ÀÇ top domain label ·Î ºÎÅÍ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. À±×¸²¿¡¼ 4°³ÀÇ domainµéÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù. sun.COM venus.sun.COM mars.sun.COM . (the root zone) zone sun.COMÀº ±× À̸§À» second level domain sun.COMÀÇ label·Î ºÎÅÍ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. zone sun.COMÀº ´ÙÀ½ 3°¡Áö·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù. . domain sun . local administrative domain earth . subdomain eurostar zone sun.COMÀº domain venus¿Í mars¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ zoneµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª venus¿Í mars´Â sun.COM domain °èÃþÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ´Ù. < Name Space and the IN-ADDR.ARPA Domain > - domain hierarchy ¿Í name space´Â host nameÀ» °¡Áö°í Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº in.named daemonÀÌ nameÀ» address·Î mappingÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î , DNS°¡ ÀνÄÇϴ Ưº°ÇÑ domainÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» IN-ADDR.ARPA¶ó ºÎ¸£´Âµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº address¸¦ nameÀ¸·Î mapping À» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº IP address·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù. host address Ç¥Çö¹æ½ÄÀº ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ª¿ÀÌ µÊ. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é host IP address°¡ 128.32.0.4¸é¼ IN-ADDR.ARPA domain nameÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÔ. 4.0.32.128. IN-ADDR.ARPA. < DNS Servers and Clients > - DNS¿¡¼ µÎ°¡Áö Ãø¸éÀ» »ìÆ캼¼ö°¡ Àִµ¥ in.named daemonÀ» ¼öÇà½ÃÅ°´Â name server¿Í resolver¸¦ ¼öÇà½ÃÅ°´Â client°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. in.named ¸¦ ¼öÇà½ÃÅ°´Â name server´Â ¶ÇÇÑ resolver¸¦ ¼öÇà½Ãų¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ µÎÁ¾·ùÀÇ client°¡ Àִµ¥ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù. . Client-only . Server/client - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ serverµéÀÇ zoneÀ» À§ÇØ name service¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ serverµéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. . Master servers (primary and secondary) . Caching-only server . Forwarding server < Clients > - clinet-only machineÀº in.named daemonÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡ /etc/resolv.conf fileÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ fileÀº queryµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â name serving machine list¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. - name server/clinet´Â userÀÇ query¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© in.named¿¡¼ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â domain name service ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â machineÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à daemonÀÌ Áװųª hangup ÀÌ µÉ°æ¿ì ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ resolver¸¦ ÅëÇؼ queryµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. < Master Servers > - °¢°¢ÀÇ zoneÀº ±× zoneÀÇ ¸ðµç data¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ master name server µéÀ» Àû¾îµµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ÁÖ¾îÁø zone¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â data´Â Àû¾îµµ two server¿¡ À¯¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº primary master server·Î¼ ÇϳªÀÇ name server¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í ¸¸¾à primary¸¦ ¾µ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÇϳªÀÇ backupÀ¸·Î¼ secondary master¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. - primary master server´Â zoneÀ» º¯È½Ãų¼ö ÀÖ´Â name serverÀ̸ç ÀÌ server´Â in.namedÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ disk·Î ºÎÅÍ data¸¦ copyÇؼ master¿¡´Ù ÀûÀçÇÑ´Ù. primary server´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ±â zone¾È¿¡ Àִ ȤÀº ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ serverµé¿¡°Ô authority¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. - secondary master server´Â copyµÈ data¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â name serverÀÌ´Ù. primary server´Â secondary server¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ data¸¦ º¸³»°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ authority¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. secondary server°¡ in.namedÀ» bootingÇÒ¶§ primary·Î ºÎÅÍ ÁÖ¾îÁø zoneÀÇ ¸ðµç data¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ±× data¸¦ updateÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ»°æ¿ì primary¿Í ÀdzíÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. < Caching and Caching-Only Servers > - ¸ðµç name serverµéÀº caching serverµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº name server´Â data°¡ ¼Ò¸êÇÒ¶§±îÁö ¹ÞÀº Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î , ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶² zoneÀ» À§ÇØ authoritativeÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â caching only server¸¦ setupÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ server´Â queryµéÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ°í ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¤º¸ÀÇ authoritative¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ name serverµé¿¡°Ô Áú¹®ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª caching only server´Â ¾î¶² authoritativeÇÑ dataÀÚü¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. < Forwarding Servers > - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº request¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ serverµé¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ó¸®ÇÏ´Â serverµéÀ» setupÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Forwarding list¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ serverµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¼ö ÀÖ°í list°¡ ¾ø¾îÁú¶§±îÁö ±³´ë·Î ½ÃµµÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Internet ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ network¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ large machine°ú ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº small machine ȤÀº workstation À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ¶§ workstationÀ» Internet ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ network ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ°æ¿ì ¿©·¯ºÐÀº small machineµéÀ» large machineÀÇ forwarding slaveµé·Î setup ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×µéÀÇ requestµéÀº large machineÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞµÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±³´ë·Î query¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ ´Ù¸¥ serverµé°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇؼ ´ë´äÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÙ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. 4. Name Server Files - domain name server´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ database¸¦ loadÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸î°³ÀÇ fileÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. resolver´Ü°è¿¡¼´Â ½ÇÁ¦ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Â serverµéÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½ fileÀ» (¼ÒÀ§ /etc/resolv.conf)ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. resolver°¡ hostÀÇ address¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÒ¶§¸¶´Ù (ȤÀº address¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â name) query packetÀ» ¸¸µé¾î resolver°¡ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â(/etc/resolv.confÂüÁ¶) name server·Î º¸³½´Ù. ±× server´Â ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Î query¿¡ ´äÀ» ÇÏ°í ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ serverµéÀÇ service¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© resolver¿¡°Ô °á°ú¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. - name´Ü°è¿¡¼´Â ¿ì¼± serverµé(primary,secondary,cache-only, forwarding name server)À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â boot file(¼ÒÀ§ /etc/named.boot)À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ fileÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ named daemonÀ» callÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. - resolver¿Í named daemon¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â formatÇüŸ¦ º¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. . semicolon(;)Àº comment lineÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë . °ýÈ£´Â lineÈ®Àå½Ã »ç¿ëµÊ - resolver configuration file°ú named boot file Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ syntex¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç fileµéÀº Resource Record standard syntax¸¦ µû¸¥´Ù. < Resolver Configuration File > - ÀÌ fileÀº local domain°ú name serverµéÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë±âÀ§Çؼ resolver¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÐÇôÁø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº resolv.conf fileÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ; Sample resolv.conf file domain Podunk.Edu nameserver 128.32.0.4 nameserver 128.32.0.10 ÀÌ ¿¹´Â local domain À» Podunk.Edu·Î ¼³Á¤Çß°í, resolver routineÀÌ ¾î¶²Á¤º¸¸¦ À§Çؼ »ó±â¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ name server ÂüÁ¶Çϸç ÀÌ fileÀº resolver¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. < Boot File > - ÀÌ fileÀº namedÀÌ serverÀÇ /etc/rc.local·Î ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵ɶ§ óÀ½À¸·Î ÀÐÇôÁø´Ù. boot fileÀº serverÀÇ type °ú zone°ú initial data¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. boot fileÀÇ default location Àº /etc/named.bootÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª command line»ó¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À¸·Î º¯°æÇÔÀ¸·Î½á default location À» º¯°æÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. - boot file°ú data fileµéÀÇ °ü°è´Â ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²¿¡¼ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. - ¸ðµç data fileµéÀº Standard Resource Record FormatÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. < Boot File For a Primary Server > - ´ÙÀ½Àº primary server¸¦ À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù. - lineº°·Î ºÐ¼®À» Çغ¸¸é 1. directory /var/named . ÀÌ lineÀº name server°¡ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â directory¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. filedÀÇ °¡º¯À» À§Çؼ /var¹Ø¿¡ directory¸¦ Á¤ÇßÁö¸¸ ¾î¶² directory¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇصµ »ó°üÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. . boot file¾È¿¡ directory°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¸ðµç file nameÀº Àý´ëpathnameÀÌ µÇ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. 2. cache . named.ca . ¸ðµç serverµéÀº root name serverµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϱâ À§ÇØ boot file ¾È¿¡´Ù »ó±â lineÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ù¹ø° field(cache)´Â server°¡ named.ca°ú °°Àº ¸í½ÃµÈ file·Î ºÎÅÍ root server hints¸¦ ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿. ¼¼¹ø° field(named.ca)´Â root serverµéÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½ file nameÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î named.ca¶ó´Â À̸§À» ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇصµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº sample named.ca fileÀÌ´Ù. 3. primary Podunk.Edu puhosts . ù¹ø° field(primary)´Â µÎ¹ø° field(Poduk.Edu)¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞµÈ zoneÀÇ primary·Î¼ÀÇ server¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ¼¼¹ø° field(puhosts)´Â data°¡ ÀÐÇôÁö´Â hosts file nameÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ fileÀº ±× zone¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â machineµé¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç data¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ fileµµ standard Resource Record formatÀ» µû¸¥´Ù. 4. primary 32.128.in-addr.arpa puhosts.rev . ÀÌ server´Â domain 32.128.in-addr.arpa¸¦ À§ÇÑ primary serverÀÌ°í server¸¦ À§ÇÑ data´Â reverse hosts file (Áï puhosts.rev)¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ fileÀº IN-ADDR.ARPA domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â zoneÀ» ¿°ÅÇÑ´Ù ÀÌ domainÀº address-to-name mappingÇÒ¼ö Àִ Ưº°ÇÑ domainÀÌ´Ù. IP address 128.32.0.4´Â domain 4.0.32.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA¿Í °°´Ù. 5. primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa named.local . ÀÌ server´Â domain 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa(Áï local host loopback) ¸¦ À§ÇÑ primary server ÀÌ°í, data´Â named.local¿¡¼ º¼¼öÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ fileÀº local loopback interface ȤÀº localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ address (127.0.0.1)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. < Boot File For a Secondary Server > - ´ÙÀ½Àº À§ÀÇ primary serveró·³ °°Àº domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â secondary server ¸¦ À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù. - line º° ºÐ¼® . secondary¶ó´Â ¸»Àº µÎ¹ø° fieldÀÇ zoneÀ» À§ÇÑ secondary server ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ°í ³ª¿µÈ serverµé·ÎºÎÅÍ data ¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù. Åë»ó primary server´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ secondary server°¡ ¿Â´Ù. multiple secondary addresses¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº zoneÀ» backupÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ »ó´çÇÑ À¯¿¬¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. < Boot File for Primary and Secondary Server > - server´Â ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ zoneµéÀ» À§ÇØ primary server¿Í secondary server ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù. < Boot File for Caching-Only Server > - ´ÙÀ½Àº caching-only serverÀ» À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù. - ¿©±â¼´Â caching-only server¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ server·Î¼ Ưº°È÷ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. caching-only server´Â authoritative data¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ü¼øÈ÷ queryµéÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù. < Boot file for Forwarding Server > - ´ÙÀ½Àº forwarding serverÀ» À§ÇÑ sample boot fileÀÌ´Ù. - forwarders lineÀº localÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áµÉ¼ö ¾ø´Â queryµéÀº ¸í½ÃµÈ serverµé·Î µ¹¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ°í slave lineÀº localÀûÀ¸·Î query¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¹Ù·Î ¸ðµç queryµéÀ» forwarders·Î µ¹¸°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ: forwarders line ¾øÀÌ slave lineÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 5. Standard Resource Record Format - ¸ðµç data fileµé (¿¹ named.ca , named.local , hosts , host.rev) Àº standard formatÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù. - dataÀÇ °¢ lineÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº fieldµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Resource Record(RR) À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â recordÀÌ´Ù. {name} {ttl} class Record Type Record Specific data - fieldÀÇ ¼ø¼´Â Ç×»ó °°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ù¹ø°,µÎ¹ø° field´Â optionÀÌ´Ù. - °¢ Ç׸ñÀ» »ìÆ캸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. . name : ù¹ø°field´Â ±× record¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÒ domain nameÀÌ´Ù. . ttl : µÎ¹ø° field´Â time-to-live fieldÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº data°¡ ¹«½ÃµÇ°Å³ª »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸°¡ server·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿äûµÇ±â Àü¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È data°¡ database¾È¿¡ ÀúÀåµÉ°ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¸¸¾à ttl value°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³ô°Ô ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖÀ¸¸é server´Â data ȸº¹À» À§ÇØ ¹«¼öÇÑ ¹Ýº¹ requestµéÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ttl value°¡ ³Ê¹« ³·°Ô ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖÀ¸¸é Á¤º¸ÀÇ º¯ÈµéÀ» ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¹èºÐÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ttl value´Â óÀ½¿¡ day(86400)¿Í week(604800)»çÀÌ·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖ´Ù. . class : ¼¼¹ø° field´Â record classÀÌ´Ù. . type : ³×¹ø° field´Â resource record ÀÇ typeÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù. . RR data : data fieldÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀº Resource Record type¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. < Control entries > - data file¿¡¼ standard RR formatÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ lineÀÌ control entry lineµéÀÌ´Ù. µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ control entry°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. . $INCLUDE --> include lineÀº column 1¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í µÚµû¶ó¼ file nameÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ¿¹) $INCLUDE /etc/named/data/mailboxes À̶óÀÎÀº file(/etc/named/data/mailboxes)¸¦ loadÇϱâ À§ÇÑ request·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. . $ORIGN --> origin ¸í·ÉÀº data file¾È¿¡¼ originÀ» º¯È½ÃÅ°´Â ¸í·ÉÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ lineÀº column1¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í µÚµû¶ó¼ domain nameÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÇϳªÀÇ data file¾È¿¡´Ù ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ domainÀ» ³Ö´Âµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. < Resource Record Types > - ´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â RR typeµéÀÌ´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº hosts fileÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. < SOA -Start Of Authority > - ´ÙÀ½Àº Start Of Authority resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - SOA record´Â zoneÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ±× zoneÀº ´ÙÀ½ SOA record¿¡¼ ³¡³´Ù. . name --> zone name¸¦ °¡¸®Å´ , @Àº ÇöÀçÀÇ zone ȤÀº originÀ» °¡¸®Å´. . IN --> address class . SOA --> Resource Record ÀÇ type . Origin --> data fileÀÌ »óÁÖÇÏ´Â host name . person_in_charge --> name server¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÑ mailing address . Serial --> data fileÀÇ version number. data fileÀ» º¯È½Ãų¶§¸¶´Ù ÀÌ number¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. secondary serverµéÀº master server·Î ºÎÅÍ data fileÀ» copy Çß´ø¶§ºÎÅÍ ±× data fileÀÌ º¯ÈÇß¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎ ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ Serial field¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. . Refresh --> ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÚÁÖ secondary name server°¡ data update½Ã primary name serverÇÏ°í »óÀǸ¦ ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿. . Retry --> refresh check ½ÇÆÐÈÄ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·¡ secondary server°¡ retryÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿. . Expire -->secondary name server°¡ refresh¸¦ ¾òÁö¸øÇØ ¿Ï·áµÇ±â Àü¿¡ data¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »óÇѽð£ . Minimum --> ttlÀ» ¿°ÅÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº resource record¿¡¼ ttl field ¸¦ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âº»½Ã°£ - zone´ç ÇϳªÀÇ SOA°¡ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº sample SOA resource recordÀÌ´Ù. < NS - Name Server > - ´ÙÀ½Àº NS resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - Name Server record(NS)´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø domain¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Â name server¸¦ ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº sample NS resource recordÀÌ´Ù. < A - Address > - ´ÙÀ½Àº A resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - Address record(A)´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø machine¿¡ ´ëÇÑ address¸¦ ³ª¿ÇÑ´Ù. name field´Â machine nameÀÌ°í address´Â IP addressÀÌ´Ù. < HINFO - Host Information > - ´ÙÀ½Àº HINFO resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - HINFO´Â host specific data¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. < WKS - Well Known Services > - ´ÙÀ½Àº WKS resource record format ÀÌ´Ù. - Well Known Services record (WKS)´Â ¸í±âµÈ address¿¡¼ Ưº°ÇÑ protocol¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¿øµÇ´Â WKS¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. list of services Ç׸ñÀº services database¾È¿¡ ¸í±âµÈ list of services·Î ºÎÅÍ ¿Â´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº WKS resource record exampleÀÌ´Ù. < CNAME -Canonical Name > - ´ÙÀ½Àº CNAME resource record format ÀÌ´Ù. - CNAMEÀº canonical name( Áï formalȤÀº real name) À» À§ÇÑ nicknameÀ» ¿°ÅÇÑ´Ù. nicknameÀº À¯ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ resource recordµéÀº nicknameÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í canonical nameÇÏ°í °ü·ÃÀÌ µÇ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. nicknameµéÀº ƯÈ÷ machine nameÀÌ º¯ÇßÁö¸¸ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ old machine nameÀ» »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÙ¶§, ±×·± °úµµ±â µ¿¾È¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº sample CNAME resource recordÀÌ´Ù. < PTR -Domain Name Pointer > - ´ÙÀ½Àº PTR resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - Pointer record(PTR)´Â special nameµéÀÌ ±× domain¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ locationÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¶ôÇØÁØ´Ù. PTRÀº address(special name)¸¦ real nameÀ¸·Î º¯È¯Å° À§ÇØ IN-ADDR.ARPA ¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. PTR nameµéÀº ±× zone¿¡¼ À¯ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. - ¾Æ·¡ PTR recordµéÀº special IN-ADDR.ARPA domainÀ» À§ÇØ reverse pointerµéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. < MX -Mail Exchanger > - ´ÙÀ½Àº MX resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - MX resource recordµéÀº mail¸¦ ÇÑ domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â machineµéÀ̳ª domain À¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¾Æ´Â machineÀ» ¿°ÅÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡º¸±â¿¡¼ , Seismo.CSS.GOVÀº mail¸¦ Munnari.OZ.AU·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¾Æ´Â mail gatewayÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ machineµéÀº Á÷Á¢ Munnari.Seismo·Î mail¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. preference value field´Â mail¸¦ single machineÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀ϶§ mailer°¡ µû¶ó¾ßÇÒ ¼ø¼¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. value°¡ ³ôÀ¸¸é ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï preference°¡ ³·´Ù. - MX recordµé¿¡¼ mail routingÀ» À§ÇØ wildcard * ¸¦ °¡Áø name À» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹¿¡¼ , domain foo.COM¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµé ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç mailÀº RELAY.CS.NETÀ» ÅëÇØ route µÈ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿¹¿¡¼ wildcard resource recordÀ» ¸¸µç °ÍÀ» º¼¼ö Àִµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº *.foo.COMÀ» À§ÇÑ mail exchanger°¡ RELAY.CS.NETÀ̶ó°í ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. *Àº ¾î¶² host³ª ȤÀº foo.COMÀÇ subdomain°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. < MB - Mailbox > - ´ÙÀ½Àº MB resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - Mailbox record (MB)´Â mailÀ» ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â machineÀ» ¿°ÅÇÑ´Ù. name field´Â user login nameÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ°í, machine field´Â mailÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇ¾î¾ßÇÒ machineÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Mailbox nameµéÀº ±× zone¿¡¼ À¯ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº MB resource record ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. < MR - Mail Rename Record > - ´ÙÀ½Àº MR resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº user¸¦ À§ÇÑ aliasÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ Mail Rename (MR)À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. name field´Â ÇϳªÀÇ corresponding MB recordÀ» °®´Â ³×¹ø° field¿¡¼ ³ª¿µÈ nameÀ» À§ÇÑ alias À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¾Æ·¡¿¹¿¡¼, "postmistress"À» À§ÇØ ¹ÞÀº mailÀº "miriam"À¸·Î routeµÈ´Ù. < MINFO - Mailbox Information > - ´ÙÀ½Àº MINFO resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - Mail Information record (MINFO)´Â mailing list¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ mail groupÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ resource record´Â Àû¾îµµ Ç×»ó ÇϳªÀÇ Mail Group resource record¿Í ¿¬°üµÇÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Mail Box record¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. name field´Â mailboxÀ̸§À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. request field´Â mailÀ» º¸³»´Â°÷À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. maintainer field´Â error messageµéÀ» ¹Þ´Â mailboxÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº MINFO resource record ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. < MG - Mail Group Member> - ´ÙÀ½Àº MG resource record formatÀÌ´Ù. - Mail Group record (MG)´Â ÇϳªÀÇ mail groupÀÇ memberµéÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº MG resource record ¿¹Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. - mailing listÀ» set upÇÏ´Â ¿¹´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù. 6. Practical Example - imaginary networkÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â fileµéÀ» ±¸¼ºÇغ¸ÀÚ. - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ networkÀÌ C-Class¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼¼°³ÀÇ networkÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ. name number junk 223.100.100 widget 223.100.101 zap 223.100.102 - imaginary networkÀº ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²°ú °°´Ù. - ´ÙÀ½Àº zone junk¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµéÀ» reverse addressµéÀÇ sample fileÀÌ´Ù. - server widget°ú zapÀ» À§ÇÑ reverse address fileµéÀº À§¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾²¿©Áø´Ù. < Adding a Cache Only Server > - ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇϳªÀÇ cache only server¸¦ imaginary set upÀ¸·Î ÷°¡ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. zone bond.junk.COMÀº 223.100.103.1ÀÎ host bond¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ serveµÇ°í, 223.100.103.2- 223.100.103.80¹üÀ§ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â hostµéÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ named.boot fileÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù. < Self-contained DNS > - ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ networkÀÌ Internet¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾îµµ ,(Áï outside world¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº self-contained domain,) DNS¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. - primary serverÀ» À§ÇØ named.bootÀ» modifyÇؾßÇÔ. - »õ·Î¿î named.root fileÀ» createÇؾßÇÔ. - root serverÀ» À§ÇÑ fileÀ» createÇؾßÇÔ. - ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ fileµéÀº º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 7. Setting Up DNS - ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº named¿Í resolver¸¦ ½ÃÀÛ½ÃÅ°´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. < Starting named > - /etc/named.boot fileÀº in.named daemonaÀ» ºÒ·¯³¿À¸·Î½á ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾Æ·¡ line¿¡ ÀÇÇØ /etc/rc.local¿¡¼ Á¶ÀýµÈ´Ù. - À lineµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ server¾È¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ boot fileÀÌ /etc/named.boot ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´Ù¸¥ nameÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é , ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ º¯°æÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. < Starting the resolver > - resolver¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °¢ machineÀº Àû´çÇÑ /etc/resolv.conf file À» ¸¸µç´Ù. - resolver´Â query packetµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¼ name server¿Í ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â ¸î°³ÀÇ routinµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇÀÖ´Ù. Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ,´ÜÁö NIS server¸¸ÀÌ resolver library¿Í Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ programµéÀº nameµéÀ» accessÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ NIS functionµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À§ ³»¿ëµéÀº NIS master server»óÀÇ /var/yp¾È¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ Makefile¿¡¼ -b flag¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù. sendmail.mxÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº mail host»óÀÇ /etc/sendmail.cfÀ» modifying ÇÑ´Ù. 8. Modifying the database - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ master DNS server¾ÈÀÇ data fileµéÁß¿¡¼ ÇϳªÀÇ host¸¦ add,delete ÇÒ°æ¿ì ¶Ç´Â data fileµéÀ» modifyÇÒ °æ¿ì SOA resource record¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Serial number¸¦ º¯È½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ secondary serverµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ data¸¦ modifyÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í master server¿¡´Ù namedÀ» ¾Ë¸®°í, data fileµéÀ» re-read¿Í internal databaseÀ» updateÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. < named's PID > - ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§, ±×°ÍÀÇ process IDÀ» /etc/named.pid file ·Î writeÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº named's process ID À» ¾ò±âÀ§Çؼ ps À» ¼öÇà½ÃųÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø°í ´ÜÁö cat¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ºü¸£´Ù. < Reload(SIGHUP) > - named.bootÀ» re-readÇÏ´Â named¿Í databaseÀ» reloadÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. # kill -HUP `cat /etc/named.pid` (ÁÖÀÇ) ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¸ðµç cached data´Â ¼Ò¸êµÇ°í, caching process°¡ ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛµÊ. 9. Debugging named - kill utility¸¦ ÅëÇØ signalµéÀ» º¸³¿À¸·Î½á namedÀ» debug ÇÒ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. < Database Browsing (SIGINT) > - named°¡ database¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô²û ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. # kill -INT `cat /etc/named.pid` - ÀÌ signal¸¦ ¹ÞÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ namedÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ database¸¦ dumpÇÏ°í, /var/tmp/named_dump.db·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµé¿¡°Ô database°¡ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô loadµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à namedÀÌ ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇàµÇ¸é /usr/adm/messages¿¡¼ È®ÀÎ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, syslog¿¡ ÀÇÇØ logµÈ messagesµéÀ» checkÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î , hostnameÀ» nicknameÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³½ data file ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº messages¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. May 4 02:35:26 hostname named[4804] : hazy.widget.junk.COM has CNAME and other data (illegal) ȤÀº, ¸¸¾à database°¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÏ °æ¿ì, May 1 11:02:33 hostname named[17808] : /etc/named/junk.zone: line 759: database format error () < Turning on debugging (SIGUSR1) > - debuggingÀ» °¡µ¿½ÃÅ°±âÀ§ÇØ ,¿©·¯ºÐÀº -d optionÀ» °¡Áø namedÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¼ö Àְųª ȤÀº, ¸¸¾à named°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼öÇàÁßÀ϶§ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. # kill -USR1 `cat /etc/named.pid` USR1Àº debug level¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀº /var/tmp/named.runÀ¸·Î °£´Ù. < Turning off debugging (SIGUSR2) > - debuggingÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÁßÁö½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ± ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù. # kill -USR2 `cat /etc/named.pid` < Using nslookup > - nslookup utility´Â Internet domain name serverµéÀ» queryÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ interactive programÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ host¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿äûÇϰųª ȤÀº domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ hostµéÀ» printÇϱâ À§ÇØ serverµéÀ» Á¢ÃËÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡ nslookup ¸í·ÉÀ» Ä¥¶§ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº À¯»çÇÑ messages¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. - '>'Àº nslookup promptÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ dafault server°¡ localhost³ª ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ serverÀÎÁö´Â DNS¿Í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â serverÀÇ /etc/resolv.conf³»¿ëÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Á¤Çߴ°¡¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. - ¿¹¸¦ µé¿©, ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ junk.COM domain¾ÈÀÇ lazy ¶ó´Â hostÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°íÀÚ ÇÒ¶§ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù. > lazy ±×·¯ÇÑ host°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, ã°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â host°¡ ±× domain¾È¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀº fully qualified nameÀ» ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. - ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿äûÇßÀ»¶§ server¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸³»Áø queryÁ¾·ù¿Í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ queryµé¿¡°Ô µµÂøÇÑ ´ë´äµéÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. > set debug 10. Administerring DNS for your domain - DNS¸¦ setup ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº server¿Í clientµé»ó¿¡¼ Àû´çÇÑ programµéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, domain nameÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, complaintµéÀ» ´ë´äÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ formµéÀ» ±â·ÏÇÔÀ¸·Î½á public network¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. < Types of Administrators and Their Responsibilities > - DNS¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ administrative responsiblity´Â ÀüüÀû network °èÃþ¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ domain À§Ä¡¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î , ÀÛÀº administrative domain¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â name serverµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Å« zoneÀÇ authoritative setÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ µé µû¸¥´Ù. 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ÀÌ°ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ±× zoneÀÇ ¸ðµç resource recordµéÀ» Á¶»çÇϰųª ȤÀº nslookup programÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. . userµé·Î ºÎÅÍ ºÒÆò°ú Áú¹®µéÀ» ´Ù·é´Ù. . º¸¾È¹®Á¦µé , protocol À§¹Ý , ´Ù¸¥ networkÀÇ ¿À¿ëÀ» ´ëºñÇؼ domain»ó¿¡¼ hostsµéÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. < Technical Contact > - domain technical/zone contact´Â DNS program°ú fileµéÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â name serverµéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. - Technical contact´Â ¶ÇÇÑ network problemµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±×µéÀÇ Domain Administratorµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ domainµéÀÇ DA¿Í »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. - technical contactÀÇ °¡Àå Å«Ã¥ÀÓÀº corresponding zone°ú °ü·ÃµÈ fileµéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Revision History ÀÛ¼ºÀÏÀÚ : 96.06.17 ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ : ÀÌÁø¼ö ¼öÁ¤ÀÏÀÚ : ¼öÁ¤ÀÚ